covering Who acts: covering, you, someone, light covering, Animals, pots · What happens: be, lie, use, cover, protect, mean · To what, where: layer, something, verb, job, playground, thick covering · Speech: someone speaks here
«covering» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: covering in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A covering is a layer of something that lies on or over something else.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj cop det case nmod nsubj acl:relcl case cc conj obl advmod punct root A DET covering NOUN is AUX a DET layer NOUN of ADP something PRON that PRON lies VERB on ADP or CCONJ over ADP something PRON else ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 covering det 2 covering covering NOUN Number=Sing 5 layer nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 layer cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 layer det 5 layer layer NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 something case 7 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 layer nmod 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 lies nsubj 9 lies lie VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 something acl:relcl 10 on on ADP _ 13 something case 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 over cc 12 over over ADP _ 10 on conj 13 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 9 lies obl 14 else else ADV _ 13 something advmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 layer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a covering a layer of something tree rules 2 lie present something vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on something=Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A covering is something you use to cover or protect something, such as a sheet, lid or curtain.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj cop nsubj acl:relcl mark advcl cc conj obj punct case fixed det appos punct conj cc conj punct root A DET covering NOUN is AUX something PRON you PRON use VERB to PART cover VERB or CCONJ protect VERB something PRON , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP a DET sheet NOUN , PUNCT lid NOUN or CCONJ curtain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 covering det 2 covering covering NOUN Number=Sing 4 something nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 something cop 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 use nsubj 6 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 something acl:relcl 7 to to PART _ 8 cover mark 8 cover cover VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 use advcl 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 protect cc 10 protect protect VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 cover conj 11 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 protect obj 12 , , PUNCT _ 16 sheet punct 13 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 16 sheet case 14 as as ADP _ 13 such fixed 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 sheet det 16 sheet sheet NOUN Number=Sing 11 something appos 17 , , PUNCT _ 18 lid punct 18 lid lid NOUN Number=Sing 16 sheet conj 19 or or CCONJ _ 20 curtain cc 20 curtain curtain NOUN Number=Sing 16 sheet conj 21 . . PUNCT _ 4 something punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a covering something tree rules 2 use present you vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 cover to-infinitive you not said here vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme 4 protect infinitive you not said here something vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Beneficiary
Meaning 3 Covering (verb) means putting something over, hiding, protecting, dealing with a topic, or doing someone else's job for a while.
The tree, 21 words csubj punct obj punct xcomp obj advmod punct conj punct conj punct conj case det obl punct cc conj nmod:poss advmod case obj case det obl punct root Covering VERB ( PUNCT verb NOUN ) PUNCT means VERB putting VERB something PRON over ADV , PUNCT hiding VERB , PUNCT protecting VERB , PUNCT dealing VERB with ADP a DET topic NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ doing VERB someone PRON else ADV 's PART job NOUN for ADP a DET while NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Covering cover VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 means csubj 2 ( ( PUNCT _ 3 verb punct 3 verb verb NOUN Number=Sing 1 Covering obj 4 ) ) PUNCT _ 3 verb punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 putting put VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 means xcomp 7 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 putting obj 8 over over ADV _ 6 putting advmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 hiding punct 10 hiding hide VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 putting conj 11 , , PUNCT _ 12 protecting punct 12 protecting protect VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 10 hiding conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 14 dealing punct 14 dealing deal VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 putting conj 15 with with ADP _ 17 topic case 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 topic det 17 topic topic NOUN Number=Sing 14 dealing obl 18 , , PUNCT _ 20 doing punct 19 or or CCONJ _ 20 doing cc 20 doing do VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 putting conj 21 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 24 job nmod:poss 22 else else ADV _ 21 someone advmod 23 's 's PART _ 21 someone case 24 job job NOUN Number=Sing 20 doing obj 25 for for ADP _ 27 while case 26 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 27 while det 27 while while NOUN Number=Sing 20 doing obl 28 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cover gerund verb vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme verb=Destination 2 mean present Covering vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 put over not said to happen gerund Covering not said here something over property vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent something=Goal 4 hide gerund Covering not said here vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 protect gerund Covering not said here vn defend-72.3 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent 6 deal gerund Covering not said here with a topic vn cope-83 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with topic=Theme 7 do gerund Covering not said here someone's job while vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Eventuality 8 job someone nom job «act intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 1 There was a light covering of snow on the playground.
expl det amod nsubj case nmod case det obl punct root There PRON was VERB a DET light ADJ covering NOUN of ADP snow NOUN on ADP the DET playground NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 was expl 2 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 covering det 4 light light ADJ Degree=Pos 5 covering amod 5 covering covering NOUN Number=Sing 2 was nsubj 6 of of ADP _ 7 snow case 7 snow snow NOUN Number=Sing 5 covering nmod 8 on on ADP _ 10 playground case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 playground det 10 playground playground NOUN Number=Sing 2 was obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 was punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past a light covering of snow the playground; there vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on playground=Location
Example 2 Animals in the Arctic have a thick covering of fur.
nsubj case det nmod det amod obj case nmod punct root Animals NOUN in ADP the DET Arctic PROPN have VERB a DET thick ADJ covering NOUN of ADP fur NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 5 have nsubj 2 in in ADP _ 4 Arctic case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 Arctic det 4 Arctic Arctic PROPN Number=Sing 1 Animals nmod 5 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 covering det 7 thick thick ADJ Degree=Pos 8 covering amod 8 covering covering NOUN Number=Sing 5 have obj 9 of of ADP _ 10 fur case 10 fur fur NOUN Number=Sing 8 covering nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Animals in the Arctic a thick covering of fur vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent covering=Patient
Example 3 Put a covering over the paint pots so they don't dry out.
det obj case det compound obl mark nsubj aux advmod advcl compound:prt punct root Put VERB a DET covering NOUN over ADP the DET paint NOUN pots NOUN so SCONJ they PRON do AUX n't PART dry VERB out ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Put put VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 covering det 3 covering covering NOUN Number=Sing 1 Put obj 4 over over ADP _ 7 pots case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 pots det 6 paint paint NOUN Number=Sing 7 pots compound 7 pots pot NOUN Number=Plur 1 Put obl 8 so so SCONJ _ 12 dry mark 9 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 dry nsubj 10 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 dry aux 11 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 12 dry advmod 12 dry dry VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Put advcl 13 out out ADP _ 12 dry compound:prt 14 . . PUNCT _ 1 Put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put imperative you not said here a covering the paint pots vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent covering=Theme over pot=Destination 2 not dry out present · do-support pots = pot vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 4 Mr Lee is covering our class while Mrs Day is ill.
compound nsubj aux nmod:poss obj mark nsubj flat cop advcl punct root Mr PROPN Lee PROPN is AUX covering VERB our PRON class NOUN while SCONJ Mrs PROPN Day PROPN is AUX ill ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mr Mr PROPN Number=Sing 2 Lee compound 2 Lee Lee PROPN Number=Sing 4 covering nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 covering aux 4 covering cover VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 class nmod:poss 6 class class NOUN Number=Sing 4 covering obj 7 while while SCONJ _ 11 ill mark 8 Mrs Mrs PROPN Number=Sing 11 ill nsubj 9 Day Day PROPN Number=Sing 8 Mrs flat 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 ill cop 11 ill ill ADJ Degree=Pos 4 covering advcl 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 covering punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cover present · progressive Mr Lee our class vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent class=Destination 2 is present Mrs ill property tree rules
Example 5 We are covering fractions this week.
nsubj aux obj det obl:unmarked punct root We PRON are AUX covering VERB fractions NOUN this DET week NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 covering nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 covering aux 3 covering cover VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 fractions fraction NOUN Number=Plur 3 covering obj 5 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 6 week det 6 week week NOUN Number=Sing 3 covering obl:unmarked 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 covering punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cover present · progressive We fractions week vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent fraction=Destination
Example 6 The skin is the body's covering.
det nsubj cop det nmod:poss case punct root The DET skin NOUN is AUX the DET body NOUN 's PART covering NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 skin det 2 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 7 covering nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 covering cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 body det 5 body body NOUN Number=Sing 7 covering nmod:poss 6 's 's PART _ 5 body case 7 covering covering NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 covering punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the skin the body's covering tree rules
Example 7 Never keep covering for a friend who is in danger — tell an adult.
The tree, 13 words advmod xcomp case det obl nsubj cop case acl:relcl punct conj det obj punct root Never ADV keep VERB covering VERB for ADP a DET friend NOUN who PRON is AUX in ADP danger NOUN — PUNCT tell VERB an DET adult NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 keep advmod 2 keep keep VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 covering cover VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 keep xcomp 4 for for ADP _ 6 friend case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 friend det 6 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 3 covering obl 7 who who PRON PronType=Rel 10 danger nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 danger cop 9 in in ADP _ 10 danger case 10 danger danger NOUN Number=Sing 6 friend acl:relcl 11 — - PUNCT _ 12 tell punct 12 tell tell VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 keep conj 13 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 adult det 14 adult adult NOUN Number=Sing 12 tell obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not keep imperative you not said here tree rules 2 cover gerund you not said here for a friend vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme 3 is present a friend danger tree rules 4 tell speech: assert infinitive you not said here a adult vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent adult=Recipient
Example 8 Covering their heads with their blankets, they sat trembling with fear.
advcl nmod:poss obj case nmod:poss obl punct nsubj xcomp case obl punct root Covering VERB their PRON heads NOUN with ADP their PRON blankets NOUN , PUNCT they PRON sat VERB trembling VERB with ADP fear NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Covering cover VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 9 sat advcl 2 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 heads nmod:poss 3 heads head NOUN Number=Plur 1 Covering obj 4 with with ADP _ 6 blankets case 5 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 blankets nmod:poss 6 blankets blanket NOUN Number=Plur 1 Covering obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 1 Covering punct 8 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 sat nsubj 9 sat sit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 10 trembling tremble VERB VerbForm=Ger 9 sat xcomp 11 with with ADP _ 12 fear case 12 fear fear NOUN Number=Sing 10 trembling obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 9 sat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cover gerund heads = head not said here their heads with heads's blankets vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent head=Destination with blanket=Theme 2 sit past heads = head tree rules 3 tremble gerund heads = head not said here with fear vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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