crying Who acts: tears, you, People, baby, He, It · What happens: cry, mean, have, come, be, laugh · To what, where: tears, eyes, bike, knee, race, someone · Speech: someone speaks here
«crying» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: crying in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Crying means having tears coming from your eyes, usually because you are sad, hurt or scared.
The tree, 16 words nsubj xcomp obj acl case nmod:poss obl punct advmod mark nsubj cop parataxis punct conj cc conj punct root Crying VERB means VERB having VERB tears NOUN coming VERB from ADP your PRON eyes NOUN , PUNCT usually ADV because SCONJ you PRON are AUX sad ADJ , PUNCT hurt ADJ or CCONJ scared ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Crying cry VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 having have VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 tears tear NOUN Number=Plur 3 having obj 5 coming come VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 tears acl 6 from from ADP _ 8 eyes case 7 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 eyes nmod:poss 8 eyes eye NOUN Number=Plur 5 coming obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 14 sad punct 10 usually usually ADV _ 14 sad advmod 11 because because SCONJ _ 14 sad mark 12 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 14 sad nsubj 13 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 sad cop 14 sad sad ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means parataxis 15 , , PUNCT _ 16 hurt punct 16 hurt hurt ADJ Degree=Pos 14 sad conj 17 or or CCONJ _ 18 scared cc 18 scared scared ADJ Degree=Pos 14 sad conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cry speech: express gerund vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 have not said to happen gerund tears vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tear=Patient 4 come gerund tears not said here your eyes vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from eye=Initial_Location 5 is present you sad, usually property tree rules 6 be you not said here tree rules 7 be you not said here tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 People sometimes cry because they are very happy or laughing hard.
nsubj advmod mark nsubj cop advmod advcl cc conj advmod punct root People NOUN sometimes ADV cry VERB because SCONJ they PRON are AUX very ADV happy ADJ or CCONJ laughing VERB hard ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 People people NOUN Number=Plur 3 cry nsubj 2 sometimes sometimes ADV PronType=Ind 3 cry advmod 3 cry cry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 because because SCONJ _ 8 happy mark 5 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 happy nsubj 6 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 happy cop 7 very very ADV _ 8 happy advmod 8 happy happy ADJ Degree=Pos 3 cry advcl 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 laughing cc 10 laughing laugh VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 happy conj 11 hard hard ADV Degree=Pos 10 laughing advmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 cry punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cry speech: express present People sometimes property vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present People happy property tree rules 3 laugh gerund People not said here hard property vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 Crying can also mean shouting loudly, as in «crying for help» or «crying out».
The tree, 14 words nsubj aux advmod xcomp advmod punct mark mark punct conj case obl punct cc punct conj compound:prt punct punct root Crying VERB can AUX also ADV mean VERB shouting VERB loudly ADV , PUNCT as SCONJ in SCONJ « PUNCT crying VERB for ADP help NOUN » PUNCT or CCONJ « PUNCT crying VERB out ADP » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Crying cry VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 mean nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 3 also also ADV _ 4 mean advmod 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 shouting shout VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 mean xcomp 6 loudly loudly ADV _ 5 shouting advmod 7 , , PUNCT _ 11 crying punct 8 as as SCONJ _ 11 crying mark 9 in in SCONJ _ 11 crying mark 10 « « PUNCT _ 11 crying punct 11 crying cry VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 shouting conj 12 for for ADP _ 13 help case 13 help help NOUN Number=Sing 11 crying obl 14 » » PUNCT _ 11 crying punct 15 or or CCONJ _ 17 crying cc 16 « « PUNCT _ 17 crying punct 17 crying cry VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 shouting conj 18 out out ADP _ 17 crying compound:prt 19 » » PUNCT _ 17 crying punct 20 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cry speech: express gerund vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 mean can vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 shout speech: express not said to happen gerund loudly property vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 cry speech: express in a quote gerund for help vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S_INF»: agent=Agent for help=Recipient 5 cry out speech: express in a quote gerund vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 The baby was crying because she was hungry.
det nsubj aux mark nsubj cop ccomp punct root The DET baby NOUN was AUX crying VERB because SCONJ she PRON was AUX hungry ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 baby det 2 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 4 crying nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 crying aux 4 crying cry VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 because because SCONJ _ 8 hungry mark 6 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 hungry nsubj 7 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 hungry cop 8 hungry hungry ADJ Degree=Pos 4 crying ccomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 crying punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cry speech: express past · progressive the baby vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is past baby hungry property tree rules
Example 2 He was crying after he fell off his bike and hurt his knee.
nsubj aux mark nsubj advcl compound:prt nmod:poss obl cc conj nmod:poss obj punct root He PRON was AUX crying VERB after SCONJ he PRON fell VERB off ADP his PRON bike NOUN and CCONJ hurt VERB his PRON knee NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 crying nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 crying aux 3 crying cry VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 after after SCONJ _ 6 fell mark 5 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 fell nsubj 6 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 crying advcl 7 off off ADP _ 6 fell compound:prt 8 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 bike nmod:poss 9 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 6 fell obl 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 hurt cc 11 hurt hurt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 fell conj 12 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 13 knee nmod:poss 13 knee knee NOUN Number=Sing 11 hurt obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 crying punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cry speech: express past · progressive He vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 fall off past he his bike vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute 3 hurt past he not said here his knee vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer knee=Patient
Example 3 It is okay to cry when you feel sad.
nsubj cop mark csubj advmod nsubj advcl xcomp punct root It PRON is AUX okay ADJ to PART cry VERB when ADV you PRON feel VERB sad ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 okay nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 okay cop 3 okay okay ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 to to PART _ 5 cry mark 5 cry cry VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 okay csubj 6 when when ADV PronType=Int 8 feel advmod 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 feel nsubj 8 feel feel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 cry advcl 9 sad sad ADJ Degree=Pos 8 feel xcomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 okay punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present It okay property tree rules 2 cry speech: express to-infinitive vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 feel present you sad property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Example 4 She was crying with happiness when she won the race.
nsubj aux case obl mark nsubj advcl det obj punct root She PRON was AUX crying VERB with ADP happiness NOUN when SCONJ she PRON won VERB the DET race NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 crying nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 crying aux 3 crying cry VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 with with ADP _ 5 happiness case 5 happiness happiness NOUN Number=Sing 3 crying obl 6 when when SCONJ _ 8 won mark 7 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 won nsubj 8 won win VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 crying advcl 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 race det 10 race race NOUN Number=Sing 8 won obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 crying punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cry speech: express past · progressive She with happiness vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with happiness=Theme 2 win past she the race vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent race=Eventuality
Example 5 We heard someone crying for help near the river.
nsubj obj acl case obl case det obl punct root We PRON heard VERB someone PRON crying VERB for ADP help NOUN near ADP the DET river NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 heard nsubj 2 heard hear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 heard obj 4 crying cry VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 someone acl 5 for for ADP _ 6 help case 6 help help NOUN Number=Sing 4 crying obl 7 near near ADP _ 9 river case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 river det 9 river river NOUN Number=Sing 4 crying obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 heard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hear past We someone vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer someone=Stimulus 2 cry speech: express gerund the river for help vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near river=Location
Example 6 Onions can make your eyes water as if you were crying.
nsubj aux nmod:poss compound obj mark mark nsubj aux advcl punct root Onions NOUN can AUX make VERB your PRON eyes NOUN water NOUN as SCONJ if SCONJ you PRON were AUX crying VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Onions onion NOUN Number=Plur 3 make nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 make aux 3 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 water nmod:poss 5 eyes eye NOUN Number=Plur 6 water compound 6 water water NOUN Number=Sing 3 make obj 7 as as SCONJ _ 11 crying mark 8 if if SCONJ _ 11 crying mark 9 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 11 crying nsubj 10 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 crying aux 11 crying cry VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 make advcl 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make can Onions your eyes water vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset water=Product 2 cry speech: express past · progressive you vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 7 Tom stopped crying when his friend gave him a hug.
nsubj xcomp advmod nmod:poss nsubj advcl iobj det obj punct root Tom PROPN stopped VERB crying VERB when ADV his PRON friend NOUN gave VERB him PRON a DET hug NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 2 stopped nsubj 2 stopped stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 crying cry VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 stopped xcomp 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 7 gave advmod 5 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 friend nmod:poss 6 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 7 gave nsubj 7 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 crying advcl 8 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 gave iobj 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 hug det 10 hug hug NOUN Number=Sing 7 gave obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 stopped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop past Tom vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 2 cry speech: express gerund Tom not said here vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 give past Tom's friend a hug Tom vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient hug=Theme
Example 8 The puppy was crying at the door because it wanted to go out.
det nsubj aux case det obl mark nsubj advcl mark xcomp advmod punct root The DET puppy NOUN was AUX crying VERB at ADP the DET door NOUN because SCONJ it PRON wanted VERB to PART go VERB out ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 puppy det 2 puppy puppy NOUN Number=Sing 4 crying nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 crying aux 4 crying cry VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 at at ADP _ 7 door case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 door det 7 door door NOUN Number=Sing 4 crying obl 8 because because SCONJ _ 10 wanted mark 9 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 wanted nsubj 10 wanted want VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 crying advcl 11 to to PART _ 12 go mark 12 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 wanted xcomp 13 out out ADV _ 12 go advmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 crying punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cry speech: express past · progressive the puppy the door vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at door=Location 2 want past puppy vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 3 go out not said to happen to-infinitive puppy not said here out property vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 9 "What are you crying about, Prince?"
punct obj aux nsubj advmod punct obl punct punct root " PUNCT What PRON are AUX you PRON crying VERB about ADV , PUNCT Prince PROPN ? PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 5 crying punct 2 What what PRON PronType=Int 5 crying obj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 crying aux 4 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 crying nsubj 5 crying cry VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 6 about about ADV _ 5 crying advmod 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 Prince punct 8 Prince Prince PROPN Number=Sing 5 crying obl 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 crying punct 10 " " PUNCT _ 5 crying punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cry speech: express in a quote present · progressive you Prince about property vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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