culled Who acts: animals, you, editor, company, We · What happens: kill, reduce, be, choose, pick out, cull · To what, where: number, numbers, jobs, Thousands, Deer, park
«culled» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: culled in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: euphemism, official — kept apart, not parsed.
killed a number of animals to reduce their numbers, or because they are ill.
The tree, 14 words det obj case nmod mark advcl nmod:poss obj punct cc mark nsubj cop advcl punct root killed VERB a DET number NOUN of ADP animals NOUN to PART reduce VERB their PRON numbers NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ because SCONJ they PRON are AUX ill ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 killed kill VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 number det 3 number number NOUN Number=Sing 1 killed obj 4 of of ADP _ 5 animals case 5 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 3 number nmod 6 to to PART _ 7 reduce mark 7 reduce reduce VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 killed advcl 8 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 numbers nmod:poss 9 numbers number NOUN Number=Plur 7 reduce obj 10 , , PUNCT _ 15 ill punct 11 or or CCONJ _ 15 ill cc 12 because because SCONJ _ 15 ill mark 13 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 ill nsubj 14 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 ill cop 15 ill ill ADJ Degree=Pos 1 killed advcl 16 . . PUNCT _ 1 killed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 kill past a number of animals vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Theme 2 reduce to-infinitive animals's numbers vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer number=Patient 3 is present animals = animal ill property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 chose or picked out from a large group (culled facts from books).
The tree, 12 words cc conj compound:prt case det amod obl punct amod appos case nmod punct punct root chose VERB or CCONJ picked VERB out ADP from ADP a DET large ADJ group NOUN ( PUNCT culled VERB facts NOUN from ADP books NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 chose choose VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 2 or or CCONJ _ 3 picked cc 3 picked pick VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 chose conj 4 out out ADP _ 3 picked compound:prt 5 from from ADP _ 8 group case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 group det 7 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 8 group amod 8 group group NOUN Number=Sing 3 picked obl 9 ( ( PUNCT _ 11 facts punct 10 culled cull VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 11 facts amod 11 facts fact NOUN Number=Plur 8 group appos 12 from from ADP _ 13 books case 13 books book NOUN Number=Plur 11 facts nmod 14 ) ) PUNCT _ 11 facts punct 15 . . PUNCT _ 1 chose punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 choose past vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 pick out participle from a large group vn chew-39.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent from group=Patient 3 cull participle vn cheat-10.6.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 Usage: business — kept apart, not parsed.
cut, removed (jobs culled).
punct conj punct obl acl punct punct root cut VERB , PUNCT removed VERB ( PUNCT jobs NOUN culled VERB ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 cut cut VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 , , PUNCT _ 3 removed punct 3 removed remove VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 cut conj 4 ( ( PUNCT _ 5 jobs punct 5 jobs job NOUN Number=Plur 1 cut obl 6 culled cull VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 jobs acl 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 6 culled punct 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 cut punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cut imperative you not said here jobs vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 2 remove participle you not said here vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 cull participle jobs not said here vn cheat-10.6.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Thousands of chickens were culled because of bird flu.
nsubj:pass case nmod aux:pass case fixed compound obl punct root Thousands NOUN of ADP chickens NOUN were AUX culled VERB because ADP of ADP bird NOUN flu NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Thousands thousand NOUN Number=Plur 5 culled nsubj:pass 2 of of ADP _ 3 chickens case 3 chickens chicken NOUN Number=Plur 1 Thousands nmod 4 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 culled aux:pass 5 culled cull VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 9 flu case 7 of of ADP _ 6 because fixed 8 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing 9 flu compound 9 flu flu NOUN Number=Sing 5 culled obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 culled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cull past · passive Thousands of chickens because bird flu vn cheat-10.6.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Source
Example 2 Deer are culled in the park to protect the trees.
nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl mark advcl det obj punct root Deer NOUN are AUX culled VERB in ADP the DET park NOUN to PART protect VERB the DET trees NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Deer deer NOUN Number=Plur 3 culled nsubj:pass 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 culled aux:pass 3 culled cull VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 park case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 park det 6 park park NOUN Number=Sing 3 culled obl 7 to to PART _ 8 protect mark 8 protect protect VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 culled advcl 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 trees det 10 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 8 protect obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 culled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cull present · passive Deer the park vn cheat-10.6.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Source 2 protect to-infinitive the trees vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tree=Beneficiary
Example 3 The editor culled the best stories from hundreds of letters.
det nsubj det amod obj case obl case nmod punct root The DET editor NOUN culled VERB the DET best ADJ stories NOUN from ADP hundreds NOUN of ADP letters NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 editor det 2 editor editor NOUN Number=Sing 3 culled nsubj 3 culled cull VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 stories det 5 best good ADJ Degree=Sup 6 stories amod 6 stories story NOUN Number=Plur 3 culled obj 7 from from ADP _ 8 hundreds case 8 hundreds hundred NOUN Number=Plur 3 culled obl 9 of of ADP _ 10 letters case 10 letters letter NOUN Number=Plur 8 hundreds nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 culled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cull past the editor the best stories hundreds of letters vn cheat-10.6.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent story=Theme from hundred=Source
Example 4 The company culled two hundred jobs.
det acl compound nummod obj punct root The DET company NOUN culled VERB two NUM hundred NUM jobs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 company det 2 company company NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 culled cull VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 company acl 4 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 hundred compound 5 hundred hundred NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 jobs nummod 6 jobs job NOUN Number=Plur 3 culled obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 company punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cull participle the company not said here hundred jobs vn cheat-10.6.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Source
Example 5 The badgers were culled despite protests.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl punct root The DET badgers NOUN were AUX culled VERB despite ADP protests NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 badgers det 2 badgers badger NOUN Number=Plur 4 culled nsubj:pass 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 culled aux:pass 4 culled cull VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 despite despite ADP _ 6 protests case 6 protests protest NOUN Number=Plur 4 culled obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 culled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cull past · passive the badgers despite protests vn cheat-10.6.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Source
Example 6 We culled old toys from the cupboard for the charity shop.
nsubj amod obj case det obl case det compound nmod punct root We PRON culled VERB old ADJ toys NOUN from ADP the DET cupboard NOUN for ADP the DET charity NOUN shop NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 culled nsubj 2 culled cull VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 4 toys amod 4 toys toy NOUN Number=Plur 2 culled obj 5 from from ADP _ 7 cupboard case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 cupboard det 7 cupboard cupboard NOUN Number=Sing 2 culled obl 8 for for ADP _ 11 shop case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 shop det 10 charity charity NOUN Number=Sing 11 shop compound 11 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 7 cupboard nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 culled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cull past We old toys the cupboard for the charity shop vn cheat-10.6.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent toy=Theme from cupboard=Source
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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