curl Who acts: curl, piece, She, hedgehog, He, Curling · What happens: be, grow, shape, curl, curl up, pull · To what, where: piece, round twist, round shape, arms, body, spiral shape
«curl» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: curl in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A curl is a piece of hair that grows or is shaped in a round twist.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop det case nmod nsubj acl:relcl cc aux:pass conj case det amod obl punct root A DET curl NOUN is AUX a DET piece NOUN of ADP hair NOUN that PRON grows VERB or CCONJ is AUX shaped VERB in ADP a DET round ADJ twist NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 curl det 2 curl curl NOUN Number=Sing 5 piece nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 piece cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 piece det 5 piece piece NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 hair case 7 hair hair NOUN Number=Sing 5 piece nmod 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 grows nsubj 9 grows grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 piece acl:relcl 10 or or CCONJ _ 12 shaped cc 11 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 shaped aux:pass 12 shaped shape VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 grows conj 13 in in ADP _ 16 twist case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 twist det 15 round round ADJ Degree=Pos 16 twist amod 16 twist twist NOUN Number=Sing 12 shaped obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 piece punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a curl a piece of hair tree rules 2 grow present a piece vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 shape present · passive a piece not said here a round twist vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To curl is to bend into a round or spiral shape.
mark csubj cop mark case det amod cc conj obl punct root To PART curl VERB is AUX to PART bend VERB into ADP a DET round ADJ or CCONJ spiral ADJ shape NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 curl mark 2 curl curl VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 bend csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 bend cop 4 to to PART _ 5 bend mark 5 bend bend VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 into into ADP _ 11 shape case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 shape det 8 round round ADJ Degree=Pos 11 shape amod 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 spiral cc 10 spiral spiral ADJ Degree=Pos 8 round conj 11 shape shape NOUN Number=Sing 5 bend obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 bend punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 curl to-infinitive vn coil-9.6-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Theme 2 is present a round shape bend property tree rules
Meaning 3 To curl up is to lie with your arms and legs pulled close to your body.
The tree, 16 words mark advcl compound:prt cop mark case nmod:poss obl cc conj acl advmod case nmod:poss obl punct root To PART curl VERB up ADP is AUX to PART lie VERB with ADP your PRON arms NOUN and CCONJ legs NOUN pulled VERB close ADV to ADP your PRON body NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 curl mark 2 curl curl VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 lie advcl 3 up up ADP _ 2 curl compound:prt 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 lie cop 5 to to PART _ 6 lie mark 6 lie lie VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 with with ADP _ 9 arms case 8 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 arms nmod:poss 9 arms arm NOUN Number=Plur 6 lie obl 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 legs cc 11 legs leg NOUN Number=Plur 9 arms conj 12 pulled pull VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 arms acl 13 close close ADV Degree=Pos 12 pulled advmod 14 to to ADP _ 16 body case 15 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 16 body nmod:poss 16 body body NOUN Number=Sing 12 pulled obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 6 lie punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 curl up to-infinitive vn coil-9.6-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Theme 2 is present with your arms and legs; lie property tree rules 3 pull participle your arms and legs not said here your body close property vn slide-11.2 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme to body=Destination
Meaning 4 A curl is any spiral shape, like a curl of smoke.
det nsubj cop det amod punct case det appos case nmod punct root A DET curl NOUN is AUX any DET spiral ADJ shape NOUN , PUNCT like ADP a DET curl NOUN of ADP smoke NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 curl det 2 curl curl NOUN Number=Sing 6 shape nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 shape cop 4 any any DET PronType=Ind 6 shape det 5 spiral spiral ADJ Degree=Pos 6 shape amod 6 shape shape NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 curl punct 8 like like ADP _ 10 curl case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 curl det 10 curl curl NOUN Number=Sing 6 shape appos 11 of of ADP _ 12 smoke case 12 smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing 10 curl nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 shape punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a curl any spiral shape tree rules
Example 1 She has long brown curls.
nsubj amod amod obj punct root She PRON has VERB long ADJ brown ADJ curls NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 5 curls amod 4 brown brown ADJ Degree=Pos 5 curls amod 5 curls curl NOUN Number=Plur 2 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present She long brown curls vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent curl=Patient
Example 2 The cat curled up on the cushion.
det acl compound:prt case det obl punct root The DET cat NOUN curled VERB up ADP on ADP the DET cushion NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cat det 2 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 curled curl VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 cat acl 4 up up ADP _ 3 curled compound:prt 5 on on ADP _ 7 cushion case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 cushion det 7 cushion cushion NOUN Number=Sing 3 curled obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 cat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 curl up participle the cat not said here the cushion vn coil-9.6-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Theme
Example 3 A hedgehog curls into a ball when it is scared.
det nsubj case det obl mark nsubj cop advcl punct root A DET hedgehog NOUN curls VERB into ADP a DET ball NOUN when SCONJ it PRON is AUX scared ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 hedgehog det 2 hedgehog hedgehog NOUN Number=Sing 3 curls nsubj 3 curls curl VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 into into ADP _ 6 ball case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 ball det 6 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 3 curls obl 7 when when SCONJ _ 10 scared mark 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 scared nsubj 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 scared cop 10 scared scared ADJ Degree=Pos 3 curls advcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 curls punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 curl present a hedgehog a ball vn coil-9.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into ball=Destination 2 is present hedgehog scared property tree rules
Example 4 Smoke curled from the chimney.
acl case det obl punct root Smoke NOUN curled VERB from ADP the DET chimney NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing root root 2 curled curl VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Smoke acl 3 from from ADP _ 5 chimney case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 chimney det 5 chimney chimney NOUN Number=Sing 2 curled obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 1 Smoke punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 curl participle Smoke not said here the chimney vn coil-9.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from chimney=Destination
Example 5 The dry leaves curled at the edges.
det amod acl case det obl punct root The DET dry ADJ leaves NOUN curled VERB at ADP the DET edges NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 leaves det 2 dry dry ADJ Degree=Pos 3 leaves amod 3 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 curled curl VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 leaves acl 5 at at ADP _ 7 edges case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 edges det 7 edges edge NOUN Number=Plur 4 curled obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 leaves punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 curl participle the dry leaves not said here the edges vn coil-9.6-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Theme
Example 6 He curled his fingers around the cup.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root He PRON curled VERB his PRON fingers NOUN around ADP the DET cup NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 curled nsubj 2 curled curl VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 fingers nmod:poss 4 fingers finger NOUN Number=Plur 2 curled obj 5 around around ADP _ 7 cup case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 cup det 7 cup cup NOUN Number=Sing 2 curled obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 curled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 curl past He his fingers the cup vn coil-9.6-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent finger=Theme around cup=Destination
Example 7 Curling is a sport played on ice with heavy stones.
nsubj cop det acl case obl case amod obl punct root Curling NOUN is AUX a DET sport NOUN played VERB on ADP ice NOUN with ADP heavy ADJ stones NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Curling curling NOUN Number=Sing 4 sport nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 sport cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 sport det 4 sport sport NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 played play VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 sport acl 6 on on ADP _ 7 ice case 7 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 5 played obl 8 with with ADP _ 10 stones case 9 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 10 stones amod 10 stones stone NOUN Number=Plur 5 played obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 sport punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Curling a sport tree rules 2 play participle a sport not said here ice with heavy stones vn play-114.2-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with stone=Theme
Example 8 Then he curled himself up and went to sleep.
advmod nsubj obj compound:prt cc conj case obl punct root Then ADV he PRON curled VERB himself PRON up ADP and CCONJ went VERB to ADP sleep NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Then then ADV PronType=Dem 3 curled advmod 2 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 curled nsubj 3 curled curl VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 himself himself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 3 curled obj 5 up up ADP _ 3 curled compound:prt 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 went cc 7 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 curled conj 8 to to ADP _ 9 sleep case 9 sleep sleep NOUN Number=Sing 7 went obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 curled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 curl up past he himself = he then vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Patient 2 go past he not said here sleep vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to sleep=Initial_Location
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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