curse Who acts: curse, something, someone, wicked witch, castle, He · What happens: be, wish, happen, swear, say, curse · To what, where: magic spell, rude word, bad words, angry things, someone, something · Speech: someone speaks here
«curse» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: curse in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A curse is a magic spell or wish that something bad will happen to someone, as in fairy tales.
The tree, 19 words det nsubj cop det amod cc conj mark nsubj amod aux ccomp case obl punct case case compound conj punct root A DET curse NOUN is AUX a DET magic ADJ spell NOUN or CCONJ wish VERB that SCONJ something PRON bad ADJ will AUX happen VERB to ADP someone PRON , PUNCT as ADP in ADP fairy NOUN tales NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 curse det 2 curse curse NOUN Number=Sing 6 spell nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 spell cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 spell det 5 magic magic ADJ Degree=Pos 6 spell amod 6 spell spell NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 wish cc 8 wish wish VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 spell conj 9 that that SCONJ _ 13 happen mark 10 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 13 happen nsubj 11 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 10 something amod 12 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 13 happen aux 13 happen happen VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 wish ccomp 14 to to ADP _ 15 someone case 15 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 13 happen obl 16 , , PUNCT _ 20 tales punct 17 as as ADP _ 20 tales case 18 in in ADP _ 20 tales case 19 fairy fairy NOUN Number=Sing 20 tales compound 20 tales tale NOUN Number=Plur 15 someone conj 21 . . PUNCT _ 6 spell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a curse a magic spell tree rules 2 wish present a curse not said here vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 3 happen future something to someone vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A curse is a rude or swear word that someone says when angry.
det nsubj cop det amod cc conj obj nsubj acl:relcl mark ccomp punct root A DET curse NOUN is AUX a DET rude ADJ or CCONJ swear VERB word NOUN that PRON someone PRON says VERB when SCONJ angry ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 curse det 2 curse curse NOUN Number=Sing 8 word nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 word cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 word det 5 rude rude ADJ Degree=Pos 8 word amod 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 swear cc 7 swear swear VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 rude conj 8 word word NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 11 says obj 10 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 11 says nsubj 11 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 word acl:relcl 12 when when SCONJ _ 13 angry mark 13 angry angry ADJ Degree=Pos 11 says ccomp 14 . . PUNCT _ 8 word punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swear infinitive a curse not said here vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is a present a curse a rude word tree rules 3 say speech: assert present someone a rude word vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent that=Topic
Meaning 3 Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.
To curse is to swear or use bad words, or to say angry things.
The tree, 14 words mark csubj cop mark cc conj amod obj punct cc mark conj amod obj punct root To PART curse VERB is AUX to PART swear VERB or CCONJ use VERB bad ADJ words NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ to PART say VERB angry ADJ things NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 curse mark 2 curse curse VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 swear csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 swear cop 4 to to PART _ 5 swear mark 5 swear swear VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 use cc 7 use use VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 swear conj 8 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 9 words amod 9 words word NOUN Number=Plur 7 use obj 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 say punct 11 or or CCONJ _ 13 say cc 12 to to PART _ 13 say mark 13 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 swear conj 14 angry angry ADJ Degree=Pos 15 things amod 15 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 13 say obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 swear punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 curse to-infinitive vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 is present swear property tree rules 3 use infinitive bad words vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient 4 say speech: assert to-infinitive angry things vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent thing=Topic
Meaning 4 Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.
To curse someone is to put a magic spell on them.
mark advcl obj cop mark det amod obj case obl punct root To PART curse VERB someone PRON is AUX to PART put VERB a DET magic ADJ spell NOUN on ADP them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 curse mark 2 curse curse VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 put advcl 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 curse obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 put cop 5 to to PART _ 6 put mark 6 put put VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 spell det 8 magic magic ADJ Degree=Pos 9 spell amod 9 spell spell NOUN Number=Sing 6 put obj 10 on on ADP _ 11 them case 11 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 put obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 curse to-infinitive someone vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme 2 is present on them = they ; put property tree rules
Meaning 5 A curse can be something that causes lots of trouble, like a long-lasting problem.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj aux cop nsubj acl:relcl obj case nmod punct case det amod punct amod conj punct root A DET curse NOUN can AUX be AUX something PRON that PRON causes VERB lots NOUN of ADP trouble NOUN , PUNCT like ADP a DET long ADJ - PUNCT lasting ADJ problem NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 curse det 2 curse curse NOUN Number=Sing 5 something nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 something aux 4 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 5 something cop 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 causes nsubj 7 causes cause VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 something acl:relcl 8 lots lot NOUN Number=Plur 7 causes obj 9 of of ADP _ 10 trouble case 10 trouble trouble NOUN Number=Sing 8 lots nmod 11 , , PUNCT _ 17 problem punct 12 like like ADP _ 17 problem case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 problem det 14 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 16 lasting amod 15 - - PUNCT _ 14 long punct 16 lasting lasting ADJ Degree=Pos 17 problem amod 17 problem problem NOUN Number=Sing 8 lots conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 5 something punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a can a curse something tree rules 2 cause present lots of trouble and a lasting problem vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition lot=Patient
Example 1 The wicked witch put a curse on the princess.
det amod nsubj det obj case det obl punct root The DET wicked ADJ witch NOUN put VERB a DET curse NOUN on ADP the DET princess NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 witch det 2 wicked wicked ADJ Degree=Pos 3 witch amod 3 witch witch NOUN Number=Sing 4 put nsubj 4 put put VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 curse det 6 curse curse NOUN Number=Sing 4 put obj 7 on on ADP _ 9 princess case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 princess det 9 princess princess NOUN Number=Sing 4 put obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put past the wicked witch a curse on the princess vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent curse=Theme on princess=Destination
Example 2 The castle was under a curse for a hundred years.
det nsubj cop case det case det nummod nmod punct root The DET castle NOUN was AUX under ADP a DET curse NOUN for ADP a DET hundred NUM years NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 castle det 2 castle castle NOUN Number=Sing 6 curse nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 curse cop 4 under under ADP _ 6 curse case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 curse det 6 curse curse NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 for for ADP _ 10 years case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 hundred det 9 hundred hundred NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 10 years nummod 10 years year NOUN Number=Plur 6 curse nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 curse punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the castle a curse year tree rules
Example 3 He cursed when he stubbed his toe.
nsubj advmod nsubj advcl nmod:poss obj punct root He PRON cursed VERB when ADV he PRON stubbed VERB his PRON toe NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 cursed nsubj 2 cursed curse VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 when when ADV PronType=Int 5 stubbed advmod 4 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 stubbed nsubj 5 stubbed stub VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 cursed advcl 6 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 toe nmod:poss 7 toe toe NOUN Number=Sing 5 stubbed obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 cursed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 curse past He vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 stub past he his toe vn hurt-40.8.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer toe=Patient
Example 4 Please don't curse in the classroom.
discourse aux advmod case det obl punct root Please INTJ do AUX n't PART curse VERB in ADP the DET classroom NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Please please INTJ _ 4 curse discourse 2 do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 4 curse aux 3 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 4 curse advmod 4 curse curse VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 5 in in ADP _ 7 classroom case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 classroom det 7 classroom classroom NOUN Number=Sing 4 curse obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 curse punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not curse imperative · do-support you not said here the classroom vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 5 She cursed under her breath when the bus drove away.
nsubj case nmod:poss obl advmod det nsubj advcl advmod punct root She PRON cursed VERB under ADP her PRON breath NOUN when ADV the DET bus NOUN drove VERB away ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 cursed nsubj 2 cursed curse VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 under under ADP _ 5 breath case 4 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 breath nmod:poss 5 breath breath NOUN Number=Sing 2 cursed obl 6 when when ADV PronType=Int 9 drove advmod 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 bus det 8 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 9 drove nsubj 9 drove drive VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 cursed advcl 10 away away ADV _ 9 drove advmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 cursed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 curse past She her breath vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 drive away past the bus away property vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme
Example 6 The rain was the curse of our camping trip.
det nsubj cop det case nmod:poss compound nmod punct root The DET rain NOUN was AUX the DET curse NOUN of ADP our PRON camping NOUN trip NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 rain det 2 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 5 curse nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 curse cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 curse det 5 curse curse NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 9 trip case 7 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 trip nmod:poss 8 camping camping NOUN Number=Sing 9 trip compound 9 trip trip NOUN Number=Sing 5 curse nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 curse punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the rain the curse of our camping trip tree rules 2 trip our nom trip «act transitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 The curse was broken when the frog was kissed.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass mark det nsubj:pass aux:pass advcl punct root The DET curse NOUN was AUX broken VERB when SCONJ the DET frog NOUN was AUX kissed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 curse det 2 curse curse NOUN Number=Sing 4 broken nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 broken aux:pass 4 broken break VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 when when SCONJ _ 9 kissed mark 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 frog det 7 frog frog NOUN Number=Sing 9 kissed nsubj:pass 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 kissed aux:pass 9 kissed kiss VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 broken advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 broken punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break past · passive the curse vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient 2 kiss past · passive the frog vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Agent
Example 8 ‘These flowers are under a curse.
punct det nsubj cop case det punct root ‘ PUNCT These DET flowers NOUN are AUX under ADP a DET curse NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ‘ ' PUNCT _ 7 curse punct 2 These this DET Number=Plur PronType=Dem 3 flowers det 3 flowers flower NOUN Number=Plur 7 curse nsubj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 curse cop 5 under under ADP _ 7 curse case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 curse det 7 curse curse NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 curse punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present this flowers a curse tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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