curtail Who acts: people, Rain, storm, new rules, Grandma, king · What happens: cut, make, wish, limit, reduce, curtail · To what, where: something, it, freedom, cricket match, school trip, council
«curtail» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: curtail in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
To cut something short or make it smaller, less or shorter, often against people's wishes.
The tree, 16 words mark obj amod cc conj obj xcomp punct conj cc conj punct advmod case nmod:poss case obl punct root To PART cut VERB something PRON short ADJ or CCONJ make VERB it PRON smaller ADJ , PUNCT less ADJ or CCONJ shorter ADJ , PUNCT often ADV against ADP people NOUN 's PART wishes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 cut mark 2 cut cut VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 cut obj 4 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 3 something amod 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 make cc 6 make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 cut conj 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 make obj 8 smaller small ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 make xcomp 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 less punct 10 less less ADJ Degree=Cmp 8 smaller conj 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 shorter cc 12 shorter short ADJ Degree=Cmp 8 smaller conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 18 wishes punct 14 often often ADV _ 18 wishes advmod 15 against against ADP _ 18 wishes case 16 people people NOUN Number=Plur 18 wishes nmod:poss 17 's 's PART _ 16 people case 18 wishes wish NOUN Number=Plur 2 cut obl 19 . . PUNCT _ 2 cut punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cut to-infinitive something against people's wishes vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset something=Product 2 make infinitive it small property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product 3 wish people nom wish «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
To limit or reduce someone's freedom or power.
mark cc conj nmod:poss case obj cc conj punct root To PART limit VERB or CCONJ reduce VERB someone PRON 's PART freedom NOUN or CCONJ power NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 limit mark 2 limit limit VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 reduce cc 4 reduce reduce VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 limit conj 5 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 freedom nmod:poss 6 's 's PART _ 5 someone case 7 freedom freedom NOUN Number=Sing 4 reduce obj 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 power cc 9 power power NOUN Number=Sing 7 freedom conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 limit punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 limit to-infinitive vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer 2 reduce infinitive someone's freedom or power vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer freedom=Patient
Example 1 Rain curtailed the cricket match.
nsubj det compound obj punct root Rain NOUN curtailed VERB the DET cricket NOUN match NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 2 curtailed nsubj 2 curtailed curtail VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 match det 4 cricket cricket NOUN Number=Sing 5 match compound 5 match match NOUN Number=Sing 2 curtailed obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 curtailed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 curtail past Rain the cricket match tree rules
Example 2 The school trip was curtailed because a storm was coming.
det compound nsubj:pass aux:pass mark det nsubj aux advcl punct root The DET school NOUN trip NOUN was AUX curtailed VERB because SCONJ a DET storm NOUN was AUX coming VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 trip det 2 school school NOUN Number=Sing 3 trip compound 3 trip trip NOUN Number=Sing 5 curtailed nsubj:pass 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 curtailed aux:pass 5 curtailed curtail VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 because because SCONJ _ 10 coming mark 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 storm det 8 storm storm NOUN Number=Sing 10 coming nsubj 9 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 coming aux 10 coming come VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 curtailed advcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 curtailed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 curtail past · passive the school trip tree rules 2 come past · progressive a storm vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 The council has curtailed spending on the parks.
det nsubj:pass aux xcomp case det obl punct root The DET council NOUN has AUX curtailed VERB spending VERB on ADP the DET parks NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 council det 2 council council NOUN Number=Sing 4 curtailed nsubj:pass 3 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 curtailed aux 4 curtailed curtail VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 spending spend VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 curtailed xcomp 6 on on ADP _ 8 parks case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 parks det 8 parks park NOUN Number=Plur 5 spending obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 curtailed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 curtail present · perfect · passive the council tree rules 2 spend gerund on the parks goal vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent on park=Goal
Example 4 (formal) The new rules curtail the use of phones in class.
punct parataxis punct det amod nsubj det obj case nmod case nmod punct root ( PUNCT formal ADJ ) PUNCT The DET new ADJ rules NOUN curtail VERB the DET use NOUN of ADP phones NOUN in ADP class NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 formal punct 2 formal formal ADJ Degree=Pos 7 curtail parataxis 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 formal punct 4 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 rules det 5 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 6 rules amod 6 rules rule NOUN Number=Plur 7 curtail nsubj 7 curtail curtail VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 use det 9 use use NOUN Number=Sing 7 curtail obj 10 of of ADP _ 11 phones case 11 phones phone NOUN Number=Plur 9 use nmod 12 in in ADP _ 13 class case 13 class class NOUN Number=Sing 11 phones nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 7 curtail punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 curtail infinitive the new rules the use of phones in class tree rules 2 use phones in class nom use «act transitive»: of=patient
Example 5 Our holiday was curtailed when Grandma fell ill.
nmod:poss nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod nsubj advcl xcomp punct root Our PRON holiday NOUN was AUX curtailed VERB when ADV Grandma PROPN fell VERB ill ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 holiday nmod:poss 2 holiday holiday NOUN Number=Sing 4 curtailed nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 curtailed aux:pass 4 curtailed curtail VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 when when ADV PronType=Int 7 fell advmod 6 Grandma Grandma PROPN Number=Sing 7 fell nsubj 7 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 curtailed advcl 8 ill ill ADJ Degree=Pos 7 fell xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 curtailed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 curtail past · passive Our holiday tree rules 2 fall past Grandma ill property vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 The king tried to curtail the power of the lords.
det nsubj mark xcomp det obj case det nmod punct root The DET king NOUN tried VERB to PART curtail VERB the DET power NOUN of ADP the DET lords NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 king det 2 king king NOUN Number=Sing 3 tried nsubj 3 tried try VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 curtail mark 5 curtail curtail VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 tried xcomp 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 power det 7 power power NOUN Number=Sing 5 curtail obj 8 of of ADP _ 10 lords case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 lords det 10 lords lord NOUN Number=Plur 7 power nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 tried punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 try past the king vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 2 curtail not said to happen to-infinitive the king not said here the power of the lords tree rules
Example 7 (formal) Candidates must curtail their answers to two hundred words.
punct amod punct nsubj aux nmod:poss obj case compound nummod obl punct root ( PUNCT formal ADJ ) PUNCT Candidates NOUN must AUX curtail VERB their PRON answers NOUN to ADP two NUM hundred NUM words NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 6 curtail punct 2 formal formal ADJ Degree=Pos 4 Candidates amod 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 formal punct 4 Candidates candidate NOUN Number=Plur 6 curtail nsubj 5 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 curtail aux 6 curtail curtail VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 answers nmod:poss 8 answers answer NOUN Number=Plur 6 curtail obj 9 to to ADP _ 12 words case 10 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 11 hundred compound 11 hundred hundred NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 12 words nummod 12 words word NOUN Number=Plur 6 curtail obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 curtail punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 curtail must formal Candidates Candidates's answers to hundred words tree rules 2 answer Candidates = candidate nom answer «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 8 I have reduced the pieces of advice to three, and curtailed somewhat.
nsubj aux det obj case nmod case obl punct cc conj advmod punct root I PRON have AUX reduced VERB the DET pieces NOUN of ADP advice NOUN to ADP three NUM , PUNCT and CCONJ curtailed VERB somewhat ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 reduced nsubj 2 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 reduced aux 3 reduced reduce VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 pieces det 5 pieces piece NOUN Number=Plur 3 reduced obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 advice case 7 advice advice NOUN Number=Sing 5 pieces nmod 8 to to ADP _ 9 three case 9 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 reduced obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 12 curtailed punct 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 curtailed cc 12 curtailed curtail VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 reduced conj 13 somewhat somewhat ADV _ 12 curtailed advmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 reduced punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reduce present · perfect I the pieces of advice to three goal vn limit-76 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Causer piece=Patient to three=Goal 2 curtail past I not said here somewhat property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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