dash Who acts: dash, short line, Tom, She, you, We · What happens: dash, mean, run, go, be, use · To what, where: short fast run, short race, short line, writing, pause, small amount
«dash» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: dash in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To dash means to run or go very quickly. A dash is a short, fast run.
Sentence 1: To dash means to run or go very quickly.
mark nsubj mark xcomp cc conj advmod advmod punct root To PART dash VERB means VERB to PART run VERB or CCONJ go VERB very ADV quickly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 dash mark 2 dash dash VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 means nsubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 run mark 5 run run VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means xcomp 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 go cc 7 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 run conj 8 very very ADV _ 9 quickly advmod 9 quickly quickly ADV _ 7 go advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dash to-infinitive vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 run not said to happen to-infinitive vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 go infinitive quickly property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: A dash is a short, fast run.
det nsubj cop det amod punct amod punct root A DET dash NOUN is AUX a DET short ADJ , PUNCT fast ADJ run NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 dash det 2 dash dash NOUN Number=Sing 8 run nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 run cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 run det 5 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 8 run amod 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 short punct 7 fast fast ADJ Degree=Pos 8 run amod 8 run run NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 run punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a dash a short fast run tree rules
Meaning 2 A dash is a short race, like the 100-metre dash.
det nsubj cop det amod punct case det nummod punct compound conj punct root A DET dash NOUN is AUX a DET short ADJ race NOUN , PUNCT like ADP the DET 100 NUM - PUNCT metre NOUN dash NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 dash det 2 dash dash NOUN Number=Sing 6 race nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 race cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 race det 5 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 6 race amod 6 race race NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 , , PUNCT _ 13 dash punct 8 like like ADP _ 13 dash case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 dash det 10 100 100 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 12 metre nummod 11 - - PUNCT _ 10 100 punct 12 metre metre NOUN Number=Sing 13 dash compound 13 dash dash NOUN Number=Sing 6 race conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 6 race punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a dash a short race and the metre dash tree rules
Meaning 3 A dash is a short line in writing (–) used to show a pause or a break.
The tree, 17 words det nsubj cop det amod case nmod punct discourse punct acl:relcl mark xcomp det obj cc det conj punct root A DET dash NOUN is AUX a DET short ADJ line NOUN in ADP writing NOUN ( PUNCT – NUM ) PUNCT used VERB to PART show VERB a DET pause NOUN or CCONJ a DET break NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 dash det 2 dash dash NOUN Number=Sing 6 line nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 line cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 line det 5 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 6 line amod 6 line line NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 in in ADP _ 8 writing case 8 writing writing NOUN Number=Sing 6 line nmod 9 ( ( PUNCT _ 10 – punct 10 – – NUM _ 12 used discourse 11 ) ) PUNCT _ 10 – punct 12 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 line acl:relcl 13 to to PART _ 14 show mark 14 show show VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 used xcomp 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 pause det 16 pause pause NOUN Number=Sing 14 show obj 17 or or CCONJ _ 19 break cc 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 break det 19 break break NOUN Number=Sing 16 pause conj 20 . . PUNCT _ 6 line punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a dash a short line writing tree rules 2 use past a short line not said here vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 3 show to-infinitive a short line not said here a pause or a break vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent pause=Recipient
Meaning 4 A dash of something is a very small amount, like a dash of salt.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj case nmod cop det advmod amod punct case det nmod case nmod punct root A DET dash NOUN of ADP something PRON is AUX a DET very ADV small ADJ amount NOUN , PUNCT like ADP a DET dash NOUN of ADP salt NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 dash det 2 dash dash NOUN Number=Sing 9 amount nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 something case 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 dash nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 amount cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 amount det 7 very very ADV _ 8 small advmod 8 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 9 amount amod 9 amount amount NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 dash punct 11 like like ADP _ 13 dash case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 dash det 13 dash dash NOUN Number=Sing 9 amount nmod 14 of of ADP _ 15 salt case 15 salt salt NOUN Number=Sing 13 dash nmod 16 . . PUNCT _ 9 amount punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a dash of something a small amount like a dash of salt tree rules
Meaning 5 To dash hopes is to end them.
mark csubj obj cop mark obj punct root To PART dash VERB hopes NOUN is AUX to PART end VERB them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 dash mark 2 dash dash VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 end csubj 3 hopes hope NOUN Number=Plur 2 dash obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 end cop 5 to to PART _ 6 end mark 6 end end VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 end obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 6 end punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dash to-infinitive hopes vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hope=Patient 2 is present end property tree rules
Example 1 Tom ran the 100-meter dash in 15 seconds.
nsubj det nummod punct compound obj case nummod obl punct root Tom PROPN ran VERB the DET 100 NUM - PUNCT meter NOUN dash NOUN in ADP 15 NUM seconds NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 2 ran nsubj 2 ran run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 dash det 4 100 100 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 meter nummod 5 - - PUNCT _ 4 100 punct 6 meter meter NOUN Number=Sing 7 dash compound 7 dash dash NOUN Number=Sing 2 ran obj 8 in in ADP _ 10 seconds case 9 15 15 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 10 seconds nummod 10 seconds second NOUN Number=Plur 2 ran obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 ran punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run past Tom the meter dash second vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme dash=Trajectory
Example 2 She dashed to the shop and back.
nsubj case det obl cc conj punct root She PRON dashed VERB to ADP the DET shop NOUN and CCONJ back ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 dashed nsubj 2 dashed dash VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to ADP _ 5 shop case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 shop det 5 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 2 dashed obl 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 back cc 7 back back ADV _ 2 dashed conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 dashed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dash past She the shop vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to shop=Destination
Example 3 Write a dash between the numbers.
det obj case det nmod punct root Write VERB a DET dash NOUN between ADP the DET numbers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Write write VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 dash det 3 dash dash NOUN Number=Sing 1 Write obj 4 between between ADP _ 6 numbers case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 numbers det 6 numbers number NOUN Number=Plur 3 dash nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Write punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write imperative you not said here a dash between the numbers vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dash=Theme
Example 4 Each dash in the pattern is 2 cm long.
det nsubj case det nmod cop nummod obl:unmarked punct root Each DET dash NOUN in ADP the DET pattern NOUN is AUX 2 NUM cm NOUN long ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 dash det 2 dash dash NOUN Number=Sing 9 long nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 5 pattern case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 pattern det 5 pattern pattern NOUN Number=Sing 2 dash nmod 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 long cop 7 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 cm nummod 8 cm cm NOUN Number=Plur 9 long obl:unmarked 9 long long ADJ Degree=Pos root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 long punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present each dash in the pattern 2 cm obl:unmarked ; long property tree rules
Example 5 We made a dash for the bus when it started to rain.
nsubj det obj case det obl advmod nsubj advcl mark obj punct root We PRON made VERB a DET dash NOUN for ADP the DET bus NOUN when ADV it PRON started VERB to PART rain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 made nsubj 2 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 dash det 4 dash dash NOUN Number=Sing 2 made obj 5 for for ADP _ 7 bus case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 bus det 7 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 2 made obl 8 when when ADV PronType=Int 10 started advmod 9 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 started nsubj 10 started start VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 made advcl 11 to to PART _ 12 rain mark 12 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 10 started obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past We a dash for the bus vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent dash=Product for bus=Asset 2 start past dash rain vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rain=Eventuality
Example 6 Add a dash of salt to the soup.
det obj case nmod case det obl punct root Add VERB a DET dash NOUN of ADP salt NOUN to ADP the DET soup NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Add add VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 dash det 3 dash dash NOUN Number=Sing 1 Add obj 4 of of ADP _ 5 salt case 5 salt salt NOUN Number=Sing 3 dash nmod 6 to to ADP _ 8 soup case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 soup det 8 soup soup NOUN Number=Sing 1 Add obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Add punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 add speech: assert imperative you not said here a dash of salt to the soup vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent dash=Patient to soup=Co-Patient
Example 7 In Morse code, the letter A is a dot and a dash.
case compound obl punct det nsubj flat cop det cc det conj punct root In ADP Morse PROPN code NOUN , PUNCT the DET letter NOUN A DET is AUX a DET dot NOUN and CCONJ a DET dash NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 code case 2 Morse Morse PROPN Number=Sing 3 code compound 3 code code NOUN Number=Sing 10 dot obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 code punct 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 letter det 6 letter letter NOUN Number=Sing 10 dot nsubj 7 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 letter flat 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 dot cop 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 dot det 10 dot dot NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 and and CCONJ _ 13 dash cc 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 dash det 13 dash dash NOUN Number=Sing 10 dot conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 10 dot punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the letter a dot and a dash Morse code tree rules
Example 8 The rain dashed our hopes of a picnic.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj case det nmod punct root The DET rain NOUN dashed VERB our PRON hopes NOUN of ADP a DET picnic NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 rain det 2 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 3 dashed nsubj 3 dashed dash VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 hopes nmod:poss 5 hopes hope NOUN Number=Plur 3 dashed obj 6 of of ADP _ 8 picnic case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 picnic det 8 picnic picnic NOUN Number=Sing 5 hopes nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 dashed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dash past the rain our hopes of a picnic vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hope=Patient 2 hope a picnic nom hope «feeling intransitive»: of=agent
Example 9 On she dashed in pursuit, chased and chased.
mark nsubj case obl punct acl cc conj punct root On SCONJ she PRON dashed VERB in ADP pursuit NOUN , PUNCT chased VERB and CCONJ chased VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 On on SCONJ _ 3 dashed mark 2 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 dashed nsubj 3 dashed dash VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 5 pursuit case 5 pursuit pursuit NOUN Number=Sing 3 dashed obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 chased punct 7 chased chase VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 pursuit acl 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 chased cc 9 chased chase VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 chased conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 dashed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dash past she pursuit vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in pursuit=Trajectory 2 chase participle pursuit not said here vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent 3 chase participle vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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