decline Who acts: decline, She, number, graph, health, He · What happens: decline, not be, be, offer, show, not answer · To what, where: fall, amount, offer, second cake, decline, question
«decline» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: decline in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To decline is to say no politely to an offer or invitation.
mark cop mark ccomp discourse advmod case det obl cc conj punct root To PART decline VERB is AUX to PART say VERB no INTJ politely ADV to ADP an DET offer NOUN or CCONJ invitation NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 decline mark 2 decline decline VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 say cop 4 to to PART _ 5 say mark 5 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 decline ccomp 6 no no INTJ Polarity=Neg 2 decline discourse 7 politely politely ADV _ 2 decline advmod 8 to to ADP _ 10 offer case 9 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 offer det 10 offer offer NOUN Number=Sing 2 decline obl 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 invitation cc 12 invitation invitation NOUN Number=Sing 10 offer conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 decline punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 decline to-infinitive to a offer or invitation; politely property vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 not is present say property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To decline is to become smaller, fewer or worse.
mark csubj cop mark xcomp punct conj cc conj punct root To PART decline VERB is AUX to PART become VERB smaller ADJ , PUNCT fewer ADJ or CCONJ worse ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 decline mark 2 decline decline VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 become csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 become cop 4 to to PART _ 5 become mark 5 become become VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 smaller small ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 become xcomp 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 fewer punct 8 fewer few ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 smaller conj 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 worse cc 10 worse bad ADJ Degree=Cmp 8 fewer conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 become punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 decline to-infinitive vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute 2 is present become, small property tree rules
Meaning 3 A decline is a fall in amount, number or quality.
det nsubj cop det case nmod punct conj cc conj punct root A DET decline NOUN is AUX a DET fall NOUN in ADP amount NOUN , PUNCT number NOUN or CCONJ quality NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 decline det 2 decline decline NOUN Number=Sing 5 fall nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 fall cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 fall det 5 fall fall NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 in in ADP _ 7 amount case 7 amount amount NOUN Number=Sing 5 fall nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 number punct 9 number number NOUN Number=Sing 5 fall conj 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 quality cc 11 quality quality NOUN Number=Sing 9 number conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 fall punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a decline a fall and number or quality amount tree rules
Example 1 She politely declined the offer of a second cake.
nsubj advmod det obj case det amod nmod punct root She PRON politely ADV declined VERB the DET offer NOUN of ADP a DET second ADJ cake NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 declined nsubj 2 politely politely ADV _ 3 declined advmod 3 declined decline VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 offer det 5 offer offer NOUN Number=Sing 3 declined obj 6 of of ADP _ 9 cake case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 cake det 8 second second ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 9 cake amod 9 cake cake NOUN Number=Sing 5 offer nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 declined punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 decline past She the offer of a second cake politely property vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent offer=Theme 2 offer a second cake nom offer «communication transitive»: of=patient
Example 2 The number of hedgehogs has declined.
det nsubj case nmod aux punct root The DET number NOUN of ADP hedgehogs NOUN has AUX declined VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 number det 2 number number NOUN Number=Sing 6 declined nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 hedgehogs case 4 hedgehogs hedgehog NOUN Number=Plur 2 number nmod 5 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 declined aux 6 declined decline VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 declined punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 decline present · perfect the number of hedgehogs vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
Example 3 The graph shows a decline in sales after March.
det nsubj det obj case nmod case nmod punct root The DET graph NOUN shows VERB a DET decline NOUN in ADP sales NOUN after ADP March PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 graph det 2 graph graph NOUN Number=Sing 3 shows nsubj 3 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 decline det 5 decline decline NOUN Number=Sing 3 shows obj 6 in in ADP _ 7 sales case 7 sales sale NOUN Number=Plur 5 decline nmod 8 after after ADP _ 9 March case 9 March March PROPN Number=Sing 7 sales nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 shows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present the graph a decline in sales after March vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent decline=Patient in sale=Topic
Example 4 Grandpa's health declined over the winter.
nmod:poss case nsubj case det obl punct root Grandpa PROPN 's PART health NOUN declined VERB over ADP the DET winter NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandpa Grandpa PROPN Number=Sing 3 health nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Grandpa case 3 health health NOUN Number=Sing 4 declined nsubj 4 declined decline VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 over over ADP _ 7 winter case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 winter det 7 winter winter NOUN Number=Sing 4 declined obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 declined punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 decline past Grandpa's health winter vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
Example 5 He declined to answer the question.
nsubj mark xcomp det obj punct root He PRON declined VERB to PART answer VERB the DET question NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 declined nsubj 2 declined decline VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 answer mark 4 answer answer VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 declined xcomp 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 question det 6 question question NOUN Number=Sing 4 answer obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 declined punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 decline past He vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 not answer speech: assert to-infinitive He not said here the question vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent question=Eventuality
Example 6 The town fell into decline when the factory shut.
det nsubj case obl advmod det nsubj advcl punct root The DET town NOUN fell VERB into ADP decline NOUN when ADV the DET factory NOUN shut ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 town det 2 town town NOUN Number=Sing 3 fell nsubj 3 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 into into ADP _ 5 decline case 5 decline decline NOUN Number=Sing 3 fell obl 6 when when ADV PronType=Int 9 shut advmod 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 factory det 8 factory factory NOUN Number=Sing 9 shut nsubj 9 shut shut ADJ Degree=Pos 3 fell advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 fell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fall past the town into decline result vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into decline=Result
Example 7 Thank you, but I must decline.
obj punct cc nsubj aux conj punct root Thank VERB you PRON , PUNCT but CCONJ I PRON must AUX decline VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Thank thank VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 2 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 1 Thank obj 3 , , PUNCT _ 7 decline punct 4 but but CCONJ _ 7 decline cc 5 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 decline nsubj 6 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 decline aux 7 decline decline VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Thank conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Thank punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 thank speech: thank present you vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme 2 decline must I vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
Example 8 The Soldier drank, but only moderately, and declined to drink any more.
The tree, 12 words det nsubj punct cc advmod advmod punct cc conj mark xcomp advmod advmod punct root The DET Soldier PROPN drank VERB , PUNCT but CCONJ only ADV moderately ADV , PUNCT and CCONJ declined VERB to PART drink VERB any ADV more ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Soldier det 2 Soldier Soldier PROPN Number=Sing 3 drank nsubj 3 drank drink VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 7 moderately punct 5 but but CCONJ _ 7 moderately cc 6 only only ADV _ 7 moderately advmod 7 moderately moderately ADV _ 3 drank advmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 declined punct 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 declined cc 10 declined decline VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 drank conj 11 to to PART _ 12 drink mark 12 drink drink VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 declined xcomp 13 any any ADV _ 14 more advmod 14 more more ADV Degree=Cmp 12 drink advmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 3 drank punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drink past the Soldier moderately property vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 decline past the Soldier not said here vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 3 not drink to-infinitive the Soldier not said here vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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