deduction

Who acts: your, you, Sherlock Holmes, he, tax, detective · What happens: take away, pay, work out, reason, know, deduct · To what, where: amount, total, something, facts, conclusion, 300 pounds

«deduction» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: deduction in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

An amount taken away from a total (a deduction from your pay).

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 amount	det
2	amount	amount	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	taken	take	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 amount	acl
4	away	away	ADV	_	3 taken	advmod
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 total	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 total	det
7	total	total	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 taken	obl
8	(	(	PUNCT	_	10 deduction	punct
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 deduction	det
10	deduction	deduction	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 total	appos
11	from	from	ADP	_	13 pay	case
12	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 pay	nmod:poss
13	pay	pay	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 deduction	nmod
14	)	)	PUNCT	_	10 deduction	punct
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 amount	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take away	participle		a amount not said here		a total		away property	vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent from total=Initial_Location
2	pay		your						nom pay «possession transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Working something out by reasoning from facts you know (Sherlock Holmes's deductions).

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Working	work	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	1 Working	obj
3	out	out	ADP	_	1 Working	compound:prt
4	by	by	SCONJ	_	5 reasoning	mark
5	reasoning	reason	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Working	advcl
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 facts	case
7	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 reasoning	obl
8	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	9 know	nsubj
9	know	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 facts	acl:relcl
10	(	(	PUNCT	_	14 deductions	punct
11	Sherlock	Sherlock	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 Holmes	compound
12	Holmes	Holmes	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 deductions	nmod:poss
13	's	's	PART	_	12 Holmes	case
14	deductions	deduction	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 facts	appos
15	)	)	PUNCT	_	14 deductions	punct
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Working	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	work out	gerund		something		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Topic
2	reason	gerund			facts	vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from fact=Source
3	know	present	you	facts not said here		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer fact=Stimulus
4	deduct		Sherlock Holmes			nom deduction «possession intransitive»: poss=agent

Meaning 3

A conclusion you reach that way.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 conclusion	det
2	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reach	obj
3	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 reach	nsubj
4	reach	reach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	6 way	det
6	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reach	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 reach	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reach	present	you	a conclusion					vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent conclusion=Beneficiary way=Theme

Example 1

After the deduction of tax, he got 300 pounds.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	After	after	ADP	_	3 deduction	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 deduction	det
3	deduction	deduction	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 got	obl
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 tax	case
5	tax	tax	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 deduction	nmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 deduction	punct
7	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 got	nsubj
8	got	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	300	300	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	10 pounds	nummod
10	pounds	pound	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 got	obj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 got	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	get	past	he	300 pounds			after the deduction of tax		vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer pound=Stimulus
2	deduct		tax						nom deduction «possession intransitive»: of=agent

Example 2

The detective made a clever deduction from the muddy boots.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 detective	det
2	detective	detective	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 made	nsubj
3	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 deduction	det
5	clever	clever	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 deduction	amod
6	deduction	deduction	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 made	obj
7	from	from	ADP	_	10 boots	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 boots	det
9	muddy	muddy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 boots	amod
10	boots	boot	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 made	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 made	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	past	the detective	a clever deduction		the muddy boots			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset deduction=Product from boot=Material

Example 3

By deduction, the missing number must be 7.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	2 deduction	case
2	deduction	deduction	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 7	obl
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 deduction	punct
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 number	det
5	missing	missing	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 number	amod
6	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 7	nsubj
7	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 7	aux
8	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	9 7	cop
9	7	7	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	root	root
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 7	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	must	the missing number	7				by deduction	tree rules

Example 4

There's a 5-point deduction for every mistake.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	There	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	2 's	expl
2	's	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 deduction	det
4	5	5	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 point	nummod
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	4 5	punct
6	point	point	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 deduction	compound
7	deduction	deduction	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 's	nsubj
8	for	for	ADP	_	10 mistake	case
9	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	10 mistake	det
10	mistake	mistake	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 deduction	nmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 's	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	be	present	a point deduction for every mistake			there			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 5

Good scientists use deduction and evidence.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 scientists	amod
2	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 use	nsubj
3	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	deduction	deduction	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 use	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 evidence	cc
6	evidence	evidence	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 deduction	conj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 use	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present	Good scientists	deduction and evidence					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent deduction=Patient

Example 6

Your deduction was correct!

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 deduction	nmod:poss
2	deduction	deduction	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 correct	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 correct	cop
4	correct	correct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	!	!	PUNCT	_	4 correct	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	Your deduction					correct property	tree rules
2	deduct		Your						nom deduction «possession intransitive»: poss=agent

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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