defence Who acts: Defence, players, Defences, other things, castle, She · What happens: protect, be, try, stop, score, say · To what, where: yourself, players, sports, other team, something, person · Speech: someone speaks here
«defence» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: defence in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Defence is protecting yourself or something against attack or danger.
nsubj aux obj cc conj case nmod cc conj punct root Defence NOUN is AUX protecting VERB yourself PRON or CCONJ something PRON against ADP attack NOUN or CCONJ danger NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Defence defence NOUN Number=Sing 3 protecting nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 protecting aux 3 protecting protect VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 yourself yourself PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 3 protecting obj 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 something cc 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 yourself conj 7 against against ADP _ 8 attack case 8 attack attack NOUN Number=Sing 6 something nmod 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 danger cc 10 danger danger NOUN Number=Sing 8 attack conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 protecting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 protect present · progressive Defence yourself vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yourself=Beneficiary
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 In sports, the defence is the players who try to stop the other team scoring.
The tree, 15 words case obl punct det nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl mark xcomp det amod obj xcomp punct root In ADP sports NOUN , PUNCT the DET defence NOUN is AUX the DET players NOUN who PRON try VERB to PART stop VERB the DET other ADJ team NOUN scoring VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 sports case 2 sports sport NOUN Number=Plur 8 players obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 sports punct 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 defence det 5 defence defence NOUN Number=Sing 8 players nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 players cop 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 players det 8 players player NOUN Number=Plur root root 9 who who PRON PronType=Rel 10 try nsubj 10 try try VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 players acl:relcl 11 to to PART _ 12 stop mark 12 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 try xcomp 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 team det 14 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 15 team amod 15 team team NOUN Number=Sing 12 stop obj 16 scoring score VERB VerbForm=Ger 12 stop xcomp 17 . . PUNCT _ 8 players punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the defence the players sports tree rules 2 try present the players vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 3 stop not said to happen to-infinitive the players not said here the other team tree rules 4 score gerund the players not said here vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 A defence is something said to support a person who is blamed or accused, as in court.
The tree, 17 words det nsubj cop acl mark xcomp det obj nsubj:pass aux:pass acl:relcl cc conj punct case case obl punct root A DET defence NOUN is AUX something PRON said VERB to PART support VERB a DET person NOUN who PRON is AUX blamed VERB or CCONJ accused VERB , PUNCT as ADP in ADP court NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 defence det 2 defence defence NOUN Number=Sing 4 something nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 something cop 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 5 said say VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 something acl 6 to to PART _ 7 support mark 7 support support VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 said xcomp 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 person det 9 person person NOUN Number=Sing 7 support obj 10 who who PRON PronType=Rel 12 blamed nsubj:pass 11 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 blamed aux:pass 12 blamed blame VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 person acl:relcl 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 accused cc 14 accused accuse VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 blamed conj 15 , , PUNCT _ 18 court punct 16 as as ADP _ 18 court case 17 in in ADP _ 18 court case 18 court court NOUN Number=Sing 14 accused obl 19 . . PUNCT _ 4 something punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a defence something tree rules 2 say speech: assert participle vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 support to-infinitive a person vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer person=Stimulus 4 blame present · passive a person vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme 5 accuse participle as court vn suspect-81 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent
Meaning 4 Defences are walls, armies or other things that protect a place.
nsubj cop punct conj cc amod conj nsubj acl:relcl det obj punct root Defences NOUN are AUX walls NOUN , PUNCT armies NOUN or CCONJ other ADJ things NOUN that PRON protect VERB a DET place NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Defences defence NOUN Number=Plur 3 walls nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 walls cop 3 walls wall NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 armies punct 5 armies army NOUN Number=Plur 3 walls conj 6 or or CCONJ _ 8 things cc 7 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 8 things amod 8 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 3 walls conj 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 10 protect nsubj 10 protect protect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 things acl:relcl 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 place det 12 place place NOUN Number=Sing 10 protect obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 walls punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Defences walls and armies or other things tree rules 2 protect present other things a place vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent place=Beneficiary
Example 1 The castle's defences included a moat and high walls.
det nmod:poss case nsubj det obj cc amod conj punct root The DET castle NOUN 's PART defences NOUN included VERB a DET moat NOUN and CCONJ high ADJ walls NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 castle det 2 castle castle NOUN Number=Sing 4 defences nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 castle case 4 defences defence NOUN Number=Plur 5 included nsubj 5 included include VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 moat det 7 moat moat NOUN Number=Sing 5 included obj 8 and and CCONJ _ 10 walls cc 9 high high ADJ Degree=Pos 10 walls amod 10 walls wall NOUN Number=Plur 7 moat conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 included punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 include past the castle's defences a moat and high walls vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent moat=Theme 2 defend the castle nom defence «process transitive»: poss=agent
Example 2 She spoke up in defence of her friend.
nsubj compound:prt case obl case nmod:poss nmod punct root She PRON spoke VERB up ADP in ADP defence NOUN of ADP her PRON friend NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 spoke nsubj 2 spoke speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 up up ADP _ 2 spoke compound:prt 4 in in ADP _ 5 defence case 5 defence defence NOUN Number=Sing 2 spoke obl 6 of of ADP _ 8 friend case 7 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 friend nmod:poss 8 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 5 defence nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 spoke punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak up speech: other past She defence of her friend vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 defend her friend nom defence «process transitive»: of=patient
Example 3 Our team's defence was very strong.
nmod:poss nmod:poss case nsubj cop advmod punct root Our PRON team NOUN 's PART defence NOUN was AUX very ADV strong ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 team nmod:poss 2 team team NOUN Number=Sing 4 defence nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 team case 4 defence defence NOUN Number=Sing 7 strong nsubj 5 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 strong cop 6 very very ADV _ 7 strong advmod 7 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 strong punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past Our team's defence strong property tree rules 2 defend Our team nom defence «process transitive»: poss=agent
Example 4 The skin is the body's first defence against germs.
det nsubj cop det nmod:poss case amod case nmod punct root The DET skin NOUN is AUX the DET body NOUN 's PART first ADJ defence NOUN against ADP germs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 skin det 2 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 8 defence nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 defence cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 body det 5 body body NOUN Number=Sing 8 defence nmod:poss 6 's 's PART _ 5 body case 7 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 8 defence amod 8 defence defence NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 against against ADP _ 10 germs case 10 germs germ NOUN Number=Plur 8 defence nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 defence punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the skin the body's first defence against germs tree rules
Example 5 Sea defences protect the town from floods.
compound nsubj det obj case obl punct root Sea NOUN defences NOUN protect VERB the DET town NOUN from ADP floods NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 2 defences compound 2 defences defence NOUN Number=Plur 3 protect nsubj 3 protect protect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 town det 5 town town NOUN Number=Sing 3 protect obj 6 from from ADP _ 7 floods case 7 floods flood NOUN Number=Plur 3 protect obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 protect punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 protect present Sea defences the town from floods vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent town=Beneficiary from flood=Theme
Example 6 He learned self-defence at a club.
nsubj compound punct obj case det obl punct root He PRON learned VERB self NOUN - PUNCT defence NOUN at ADP a DET club NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 learned nsubj 2 learned learn VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 self self NOUN Number=Sing 5 defence compound 4 - - PUNCT _ 3 self punct 5 defence defence NOUN Number=Sing 2 learned obj 6 at at ADP _ 8 club case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 club det 8 club club NOUN Number=Sing 2 learned obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 learned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 learn past He self defence a club vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent defence=Topic
Example 7 A hedgehog's spines are its defence.
det nmod:poss case nsubj cop nmod:poss punct root A DET hedgehog NOUN 's PART spines NOUN are AUX its PRON defence NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 hedgehog det 2 hedgehog hedgehog NOUN Number=Sing 4 spines nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 hedgehog case 4 spines spine NOUN Number=Plur 7 defence nsubj 5 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 defence cop 6 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 defence nmod:poss 7 defence defence NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 defence punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a hedgehog's spines hedgehog's defence tree rules
Example 8 On being brought into court she was ready with her defence.
mark aux:pass advcl case obl nsubj cop case nmod:poss obl punct root On SCONJ being AUX brought VERB into ADP court NOUN she PRON was AUX ready ADJ with ADP her PRON defence NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 On on SCONJ _ 3 brought mark 2 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 brought aux:pass 3 brought bring VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 ready advcl 4 into into ADP _ 5 court case 5 court court NOUN Number=Sing 3 brought obl 6 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 ready nsubj 7 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 ready cop 8 ready ready ADJ Degree=Pos root root 9 with with ADP _ 11 defence case 10 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 defence nmod:poss 11 defence defence NOUN Number=Sing 8 ready obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 8 ready punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bring gerund · passive she not said here court vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: into court=Destination 2 is past she with her defence; ready property tree rules 3 defend her = she nom defence «process transitive»: poss=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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