defend Who acts: soldiers, porcupine, She, team, He, goalkeeper · What happens: defend, be, support, stop, score · To what, where: someone, attack, support, sport, other team, castle · Speech: someone speaks here
«defend» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: defend in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To defend someone or something is to protect it from attack or harm.
mark advcl obj cc conj cop mark obj case obl cc conj punct root To PART defend VERB someone PRON or CCONJ something PRON is AUX to PART protect VERB it PRON from ADP attack NOUN or CCONJ harm NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 defend mark 2 defend defend VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 protect advcl 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 defend obj 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 something cc 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 someone conj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 protect cop 7 to to PART _ 8 protect mark 8 protect protect VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 protect obj 10 from from ADP _ 11 attack case 11 attack attack NOUN Number=Sing 8 protect obl 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 harm cc 13 harm harm NOUN Number=Sing 11 attack conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 8 protect punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 defend to-infinitive someone vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Beneficiary 2 is present attack or harm protect property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To defend is to speak up in support of someone or an idea.
mark csubj cop mark compound:prt case obl case nmod cc det conj punct root To PART defend VERB is AUX to PART speak VERB up ADP in ADP support NOUN of ADP someone PRON or CCONJ an DET idea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 defend mark 2 defend defend VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 speak csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 speak cop 4 to to PART _ 5 speak mark 5 speak speak VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 up up ADP _ 5 speak compound:prt 7 in in ADP _ 8 support case 8 support support NOUN Number=Sing 5 speak obl 9 of of ADP _ 10 someone case 10 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 support nmod 11 or or CCONJ _ 13 idea cc 12 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 idea det 13 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 8 support conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 speak punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 defend to-infinitive vn defend-72.3 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent 2 be speech: other present support of someone or a idea speak property tree rules 3 support someone nom support «act transitive»: of=patient
Meaning 3 In sport to defend is to try to stop the other team scoring.
case obl mark acl cop mark mark xcomp det amod obj xcomp punct root In ADP sport NOUN to PART defend VERB is AUX to PART try VERB to PART stop VERB the DET other ADJ team NOUN scoring VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 sport case 2 sport sport NOUN Number=Sing 7 try obl 3 to to PART _ 4 defend mark 4 defend defend VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 sport acl 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 try cop 6 to to PART _ 7 try mark 7 try try VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 to to PART _ 9 stop mark 9 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 try xcomp 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 team det 11 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 12 team amod 12 team team NOUN Number=Sing 9 stop obj 13 scoring score VERB VerbForm=Ger 9 stop xcomp 14 . . PUNCT _ 7 try punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 defend to-infinitive vn defend-72.3 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent 2 is present sport try property tree rules 3 stop not said to happen to-infinitive the other team tree rules 4 score gerund vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 1 The soldiers defended the castle.
det nsubj det obj punct root The DET soldiers NOUN defended VERB the DET castle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 soldiers det 2 soldiers soldier NOUN Number=Plur 3 defended nsubj 3 defended defend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 castle det 5 castle castle NOUN Number=Sing 3 defended obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 defended punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 defend past the soldiers the castle vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent castle=Beneficiary
Example 2 A porcupine defends itself with sharp quills.
det nsubj obj case amod obl punct root A DET porcupine NOUN defends VERB itself PRON with ADP sharp ADJ quills NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 porcupine det 2 porcupine porcupine NOUN Number=Sing 3 defends nsubj 3 defends defend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 itself itself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 3 defends obj 5 with with ADP _ 7 quills case 6 sharp sharp ADJ Degree=Pos 7 quills amod 7 quills quill NOUN Number=Plur 3 defends obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 defends punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 defend present a porcupine porcupine with sharp quills vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent itself=Beneficiary
Example 3 She defended her friend from the bullies.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root She PRON defended VERB her PRON friend NOUN from ADP the DET bullies NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 defended nsubj 2 defended defend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 friend nmod:poss 4 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 2 defended obj 5 from from ADP _ 7 bullies case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 bullies det 7 bullies bully NOUN Number=Plur 2 defended obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 defended punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 defend past She her friend from the bullies vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent friend=Beneficiary from bully=Theme
Example 4 Our team defended well in the second half.
nmod:poss nsubj advmod case det amod obl punct root Our PRON team NOUN defended VERB well ADV in ADP the DET second ADJ half NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 team nmod:poss 2 team team NOUN Number=Sing 3 defended nsubj 3 defended defend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 well well ADV Degree=Pos 3 defended advmod 5 in in ADP _ 8 half case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 half det 7 second second ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 8 half amod 8 half half NOUN Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac 3 defended obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 defended punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 defend past Our team the second half well property vn defend-72.3 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent
Example 5 He defended his idea in the class debate.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case det compound obl punct root He PRON defended VERB his PRON idea NOUN in ADP the DET class NOUN debate NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 defended nsubj 2 defended defend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 idea nmod:poss 4 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 2 defended obj 5 in in ADP _ 8 debate case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 debate det 7 class class NOUN Number=Sing 8 debate compound 8 debate debate NOUN Number=Sing 2 defended obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 defended punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 defend past He his idea the class debate vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Beneficiary
Example 6 The goalkeeper defends the goal.
det nsubj det obj punct root The DET goalkeeper NOUN defends VERB the DET goal NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 goalkeeper det 2 goalkeeper goalkeeper NOUN Number=Sing 3 defends nsubj 3 defends defend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 goal det 5 goal goal NOUN Number=Sing 3 defends obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 defends punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 defend present the goalkeeper the goal vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goal=Beneficiary
Example 7 Mother birds defend their nests.
compound nsubj nmod:poss obj punct root Mother NOUN birds NOUN defend VERB their PRON nests NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mother mother NOUN Number=Sing 2 birds compound 2 birds bird NOUN Number=Plur 3 defend nsubj 3 defend defend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 nests nmod:poss 5 nests nest NOUN Number=Plur 3 defend obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 defend punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 defend present Mother birds birds's nests vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nest=Beneficiary
Example 8 Pinocchio, although alone, defended himself bravely.
nsubj punct mark advmod punct obj advmod punct root Pinocchio PROPN , PUNCT although SCONJ alone ADV , PUNCT defended VERB himself PRON bravely ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pinocchio Pinocchio PROPN Number=Sing 6 defended nsubj 2 , , PUNCT _ 6 defended punct 3 although although SCONJ _ 6 defended mark 4 alone alone ADV _ 6 defended advmod 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 alone punct 6 defended defend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 himself himself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 6 defended obj 8 bravely bravely ADV _ 6 defended advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 defended punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 defend past Pinocchio Pinocchio alone, bravely property vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Beneficiary
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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