deforestation Who acts: Deforestation, trees, Amazon rainforest, rain, class, Planting · What happens: be, burn, use, destroy, shrink, add · To what, where: cutting, land, homes, carbon dioxide, soil, letters
«deforestation» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: deforestation in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Deforestation is the cutting down or burning of large areas of forest, so the trees are gone and the land is used for something else.
The tree, 25 words nsubj cop det compound:prt cc conj case amod obl case nmod punct advmod det nsubj cop parataxis cc det nsubj:pass aux:pass conj case obl advmod punct root Deforestation NOUN is AUX the DET cutting NOUN down ADP or CCONJ burning VERB of ADP large ADJ areas NOUN of ADP forest NOUN , PUNCT so ADV the DET trees NOUN are AUX gone ADJ and CCONJ the DET land NOUN is AUX used VERB for ADP something PRON else ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Deforestation deforestation NOUN Number=Sing 4 cutting nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 cutting cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 cutting det 4 cutting cutting NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 down down ADP _ 4 cutting compound:prt 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 burning cc 7 burning burn VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 cutting conj 8 of of ADP _ 10 areas case 9 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 10 areas amod 10 areas area NOUN Number=Plur 7 burning obl 11 of of ADP _ 12 forest case 12 forest forest NOUN Number=Sing 10 areas nmod 13 , , PUNCT _ 18 gone punct 14 so so ADV _ 18 gone advmod 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 trees det 16 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 18 gone nsubj 17 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 gone cop 18 gone gone ADJ Degree=Pos 4 cutting parataxis 19 and and CCONJ _ 23 used cc 20 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 21 land det 21 land land NOUN Number=Sing 23 used nsubj:pass 22 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 23 used aux:pass 23 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 18 gone conj 24 for for ADP _ 25 something case 25 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 23 used obl 26 else else ADV _ 25 something advmod 27 . . PUNCT _ 4 cutting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Deforestation the cutting tree rules 2 burn gerund Deforestation not said here of large areas of forest vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 is present the trees gone property tree rules 4 use present · passive the land for something vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for something=Eventuality
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 Deforestation destroys the homes of orangutans.
nsubj det obj case nmod punct root Deforestation NOUN destroys VERB the DET homes NOUN of ADP orangutans NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Deforestation deforestation NOUN Number=Sing 2 destroys nsubj 2 destroys destroy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 homes det 4 homes home NOUN Number=Plur 2 destroys obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 orangutans case 6 orangutans orangutan NOUN Number=Plur 4 homes nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 destroys punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 destroy present Deforestation the homes of orangutans vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent home=Patient
Example 2 The Amazon rainforest is shrinking because of deforestation.
det compound nsubj aux case fixed obl punct root The DET Amazon PROPN rainforest NOUN is AUX shrinking VERB because ADP of ADP deforestation NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 rainforest det 2 Amazon Amazon PROPN Number=Sing 3 rainforest compound 3 rainforest rainforest NOUN Number=Sing 5 shrinking nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 shrinking aux 5 shrinking shrink VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 6 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 8 deforestation case 7 of of ADP _ 6 because fixed 8 deforestation deforestation NOUN Number=Sing 5 shrinking obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 shrinking punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shrink present · progressive the Amazon rainforest because deforestation vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 3 Deforestation adds carbon dioxide to the air.
nsubj compound obj case det obl punct root Deforestation NOUN adds VERB carbon NOUN dioxide NOUN to ADP the DET air NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Deforestation deforestation NOUN Number=Sing 2 adds nsubj 2 adds add VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 carbon carbon NOUN Number=Sing 4 dioxide compound 4 dioxide dioxide NOUN Number=Sing 2 adds obj 5 to to ADP _ 7 air case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 air det 7 air air NOUN Number=Sing 2 adds obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 adds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 add speech: assert present Deforestation carbon dioxide to the air vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent dioxide=Patient to air=Co-Patient
Example 4 After deforestation, rain washes the soil away.
case obl punct nsubj det obj advmod punct root After ADP deforestation NOUN , PUNCT rain NOUN washes VERB the DET soil NOUN away ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 After after ADP _ 2 deforestation case 2 deforestation deforestation NOUN Number=Sing 5 washes obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 deforestation punct 4 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 5 washes nsubj 5 washes wash VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 soil det 7 soil soil NOUN Number=Sing 5 washes obj 8 away away ADV _ 5 washes advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 washes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wash away present rain the soil after deforestation away property vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soil=Patient
Example 5 Our class wrote letters about stopping deforestation.
nmod:poss nsubj obj mark advcl obj punct root Our PRON class NOUN wrote VERB letters NOUN about SCONJ stopping VERB deforestation NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 class nmod:poss 2 class class NOUN Number=Sing 3 wrote nsubj 3 wrote write VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 letters letter NOUN Number=Plur 3 wrote obj 5 about about SCONJ _ 6 stopping mark 6 stopping stop VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 wrote advcl 7 deforestation deforestation NOUN Number=Sing 6 stopping obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 wrote punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write past Our class letters vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Theme 2 stop gerund Our class not said here deforestation vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality deforestation=Eventuality
Example 6 Planting trees helps undo deforestation.
csubj obj xcomp obj punct root Planting VERB trees NOUN helps VERB undo VERB deforestation NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Planting plant VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 helps csubj 2 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 1 Planting obj 3 helps help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 undo undo VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 helps xcomp 5 deforestation deforestation NOUN Number=Sing 4 undo obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 helps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 plant gerund trees vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tree=Patient 2 help present Planting vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 3 undo infinitive Planting not said here deforestation vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent deforestation=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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