despair

Who acts: feeling, we, them, Toad, you, She · What happens: lose, not despair, find, drive, despair, be · To what, where: hope, cat, someone, despair, them, dungeon · Speech: someone speaks here

«despair» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: despair in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

The feeling of having lost all hope.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 feeling	det
2	feeling	feeling	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	SCONJ	_	5 lost	mark
4	having	have	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 lost	aux
5	lost	lose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 feeling	acl
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 hope	det
7	hope	hope	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 lost	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 feeling	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lose	gerund · perfect	the feeling not said here	all hope					vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hope=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

To lose hope: «Don't despair — we'll find your cat.».

The tree, 11 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 lose	mark
2	lose	lose	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	hope	hope	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 lose	obj
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	8 despair	punct
5	«	«	PUNCT	_	8 despair	punct
6	Do	do	AUX	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	8 despair	aux
7	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 despair	advmod
8	despair	despair	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 lose	conj
9	—	-	PUNCT	_	12 find	punct
10	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	12 find	nsubj
11	'll	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 find	aux
12	find	find	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 despair	conj
13	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 cat	nmod:poss
14	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 find	obj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	12 find	punct
16	»	»	PUNCT	_	12 find	punct
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 lose	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	lose	to-infinitive		hope	vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hope=Eventuality
2	not despair in a quote	infinitive · do-support			vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
3	find in a quote	future	we	your cat	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cat=Topic

Meaning 3

Usage: phrase — kept apart, not parsed.

«Drive someone to despair» or «be the despair of someone» means make them feel hopeless and worried.

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 Drive	punct
2	Drive	drive	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	15 means	csubj
3	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 Drive	obj
4	to	to	PART	_	5 despair	mark
5	despair	despair	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 Drive	xcomp
6	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 Drive	punct
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	11 despair	cc
8	«	«	PUNCT	_	11 despair	punct
9	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	11 despair	cop
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 despair	det
11	despair	despair	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 Drive	conj
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 someone	case
13	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	11 despair	nmod
14	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 Drive	punct
15	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
16	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	15 means	ccomp
17	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 make	obj
18	feel	feel	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	16 make	xcomp
19	hopeless	hopeless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 feel	xcomp
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 worried	cc
21	worried	worried	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 hopeless	conj
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	15 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	drive in a quote	infinitive		someone		vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent someone=Patient clause=Result
2	despair in a quote	to-infinitive				vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
3	is a in a quote	infinitive		the despair	of someone	tree rules
4	mean	present				vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
5	make	infinitive		them = they		tree rules
6	feel	infinitive	them = they not said here		hopeless property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus

Example 1

Toad lay in his dungeon in despair.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Toad	Toad	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 lay	nsubj
2	lay	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 dungeon	case
4	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 dungeon	nmod:poss
5	dungeon	dungeon	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 lay	obl
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 despair	case
7	despair	despair	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 lay	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 lay	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lie	past	Toad			Toad's dungeon		in despair	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in dungeon=Location

Example 2

Don't despair — you can try again tomorrow.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Do	do	AUX	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	3 despair	aux
2	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	3 despair	advmod
3	despair	despair	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	—	-	PUNCT	_	7 try	punct
5	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	7 try	nsubj
6	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 try	aux
7	try	try	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 despair	conj
8	again	again	ADV	_	7 try	advmod
9	tomorrow	tomorrow	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 try	obl:unmarked
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 despair	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not despair	imperative · do-support	you not said here						vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
2	try	can	you				again; tomorrow		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer

Example 3

She shook her head in despair at the mess.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 shook	nsubj
2	shook	shake	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 head	nmod:poss
4	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 shook	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 despair	case
6	despair	despair	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 shook	obl
7	at	at	ADP	_	9 mess	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 mess	det
9	mess	mess	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 shook	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 shook	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shake	past	She	her head		despair		at the mess	vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent head=Theme in despair=Trajectory

Example 4

The teacher despaired of ever getting the class quiet.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 teacher	det
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 despaired	nsubj
3	despaired	despair	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	of	of	SCONJ	_	6 getting	mark
5	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	6 getting	advmod
6	getting	get	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 despaired	advcl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 class	det
8	class	class	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 getting	obj
9	quiet	quiet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 getting	xcomp
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 despaired	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	despair	past	the teacher						vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
2	get	gerund	the teacher not said here	the class			ever	quiet property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer class=Stimulus

Example 5

After the storm, the farmers were in despair.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	After	after	ADP	_	3 storm	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 storm	det
3	storm	storm	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 despair	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 storm	punct
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 farmers	det
6	farmers	farmer	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 despair	nsubj
7	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 despair	cop
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 despair	case
9	despair	despair	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 despair	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the farmers			despair	after the storm		tree rules

Example 6

His messy room is the despair of his mum.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	His	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 room	nmod:poss
2	messy	messy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 room	amod
3	room	room	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 despair	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 despair	cop
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 despair	det
6	despair	despair	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 mum	case
8	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 mum	nmod:poss
9	mum	mum	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 despair	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 despair	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	His messy room	the despair				of his mum	tree rules

Example 7

I do not despair of the future.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 despair	nsubj
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 despair	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 despair	advmod
4	despair	despair	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 future	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 future	det
7	future	future	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 despair	nmod
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 despair	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	despair		the future						nom despair «state intransitive»: of=agent

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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