destroy Who acts: someone, fire, storm, Cutting, dog, boiling water · What happens: destroy, mean, damage, ruin, exist, beat · To what, where: something, it, someone, hopes, old barn, many homes · Speech: someone speaks here
«destroy» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: destroy in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To destroy something means to damage it so badly that it is ruined or no longer exists.
The tree, 17 words mark csubj obj mark xcomp obj advmod advmod mark nsubj:pass aux:pass advcl cc advmod advmod conj punct root To PART destroy VERB something PRON means VERB to PART damage VERB it PRON so ADV badly ADV that SCONJ it PRON is AUX ruined VERB or CCONJ no ADV longer ADV exists VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 destroy mark 2 destroy destroy VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means csubj 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 destroy obj 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 damage mark 6 damage damage VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means xcomp 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 damage obj 8 so so ADV _ 9 badly advmod 9 badly badly ADV Degree=Pos 6 damage advmod 10 that that SCONJ _ 13 ruined mark 11 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 ruined nsubj:pass 12 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 ruined aux:pass 13 ruined ruin VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 damage advcl 14 or or CCONJ _ 17 exists cc 15 no no ADV _ 16 longer advmod 16 longer long ADV Degree=Cmp 17 exists advmod 17 exists exist VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 ruined conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 destroy to-infinitive something vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 damage not said to happen to-infinitive it badly property vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient 4 ruin present · passive it vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient 5 exist present long property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To destroy can mean to completely beat someone in a game (informal).
The tree, 12 words mark csubj aux mark advmod ccomp obj case det obl punct amod punct punct root To PART destroy VERB can AUX mean VERB to PART completely ADV beat VERB someone PRON in ADP a DET game NOUN ( PUNCT informal ADJ ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 destroy mark 2 destroy destroy VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 mean csubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 to to PART _ 7 beat mark 6 completely completely ADV _ 7 beat advmod 7 beat beat VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 mean ccomp 8 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 beat obj 9 in in ADP _ 11 game case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 game det 11 game game NOUN Number=Sing 7 beat obl 12 ( ( PUNCT _ 13 informal punct 13 informal informal ADJ Degree=Pos 11 game amod 14 ) ) PUNCT _ 13 informal punct 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 destroy to-infinitive vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 mean can vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 beat not said to happen to-infinitive someone in a game; completely property vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent someone=Patient in game=Topic
Meaning 3 To destroy someone's hopes or plans means to end them.
mark csubj nmod:poss case obj cc conj mark ccomp obj punct root To PART destroy VERB someone PRON 's PART hopes NOUN or CCONJ plans NOUN means VERB to PART end VERB them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 destroy mark 2 destroy destroy VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 means csubj 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 hopes nmod:poss 4 's 's PART _ 3 someone case 5 hopes hope NOUN Number=Plur 2 destroy obj 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 plans cc 7 plans plan NOUN Number=Plur 5 hopes conj 8 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 to to PART _ 10 end mark 10 end end VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 means ccomp 11 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 end obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 8 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 destroy to-infinitive someone's hopes or plans vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hope=Patient 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 end not said to happen to-infinitive hopes = hope vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality they=Eventuality 4 hope someone nom hope «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 1 The fire destroyed the old barn.
det nsubj det amod obj punct root The DET fire NOUN destroyed VERB the DET old ADJ barn NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 fire det 2 fire fire NOUN Number=Sing 3 destroyed nsubj 3 destroyed destroy VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 barn det 5 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 6 barn amod 6 barn barn NOUN Number=Sing 3 destroyed obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 destroyed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 destroy past the fire the old barn vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent barn=Patient
Example 2 The storm destroyed many homes.
det nsubj amod obj punct root The DET storm NOUN destroyed VERB many ADJ homes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 storm det 2 storm storm NOUN Number=Sing 3 destroyed nsubj 3 destroyed destroy VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 5 homes amod 5 homes home NOUN Number=Plur 3 destroyed obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 destroyed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 destroy past the storm many homes vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent home=Patient
Example 3 Cutting down rainforests destroys animals' habitats.
csubj compound:prt obj nmod:poss case obj punct root Cutting VERB down ADP rainforests NOUN destroys VERB animals NOUN ' PART habitats NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cutting cut VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 destroys csubj 2 down down ADP _ 1 Cutting compound:prt 3 rainforests rainforest NOUN Number=Plur 1 Cutting obj 4 destroys destroy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 7 habitats nmod:poss 6 ' 's PART _ 5 animals case 7 habitats habitat NOUN Number=Plur 4 destroys obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 destroys punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cut down gerund rainforests vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset rainforest=Product 2 destroy present Cutting animals's habitats vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent habitat=Patient
Example 4 The dog destroyed my slippers.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj punct root The DET dog NOUN destroyed VERB my PRON slippers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 dog det 2 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 3 destroyed nsubj 3 destroyed destroy VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 slippers nmod:poss 5 slippers slipper NOUN Number=Plur 3 destroyed obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 destroyed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 destroy past the dog my slippers vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent slipper=Patient
Example 5 Bacteria are destroyed by boiling water.
nsubj aux:pass case amod obl punct root Bacteria NOUN are AUX destroyed VERB by ADP boiling VERB water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bacteria bacterium NOUN Number=Plur 3 destroyed nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 destroyed aux:pass 3 destroyed destroy VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 by by ADP _ 6 water case 5 boiling boil VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 water amod 6 water water NOUN Number=Sing 3 destroyed obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 destroyed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 destroy present · passive boiling water Bacteria vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient 2 boil gerund vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 6 Our team destroyed them 10–0!
nmod:poss nsubj obj obj case nmod punct root Our PRON team NOUN destroyed VERB them PRON 10 NUM – SYM 0 NUM ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 team nmod:poss 2 team team NOUN Number=Sing 3 destroyed nsubj 3 destroyed destroy VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 destroyed obj 5 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 destroyed obj 6 – – SYM ExtPos=ADP 7 0 case 7 0 0 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 10 nmod 8 ! ! PUNCT _ 3 destroyed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 destroy past Our team them = they tree rules
Example 7 The news destroyed his hopes of winning.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj mark acl punct root The DET news NOUN destroyed VERB his PRON hopes NOUN of SCONJ winning VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 news det 2 news news NOUN Number=Sing 3 destroyed nsubj 3 destroyed destroy VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 hopes nmod:poss 5 hopes hope NOUN Number=Plur 3 destroyed obj 6 of of SCONJ _ 7 winning mark 7 winning win VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 hopes acl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 destroyed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 destroy past the news news's hopes vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hope=Patient 2 win gerund news's hopes not said here vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 hope news nom hope «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 8 Shred old letters to destroy your details.
amod obj mark advcl nmod:poss obj punct root Shred VERB old ADJ letters NOUN to PART destroy VERB your PRON details NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shred shred VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 letters amod 3 letters letter NOUN Number=Plur 1 Shred obj 4 to to PART _ 5 destroy mark 5 destroy destroy VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Shred advcl 6 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 details nmod:poss 7 details detail NOUN Number=Plur 5 destroy obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Shred punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shred imperative you not said here old letters vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Patient 2 destroy to-infinitive you not said here your details vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent detail=Patient 3 detail your nom detail «cognition transitive»: poss=agent
Example 9 Shall we never be able to destroy him?
aux nsubj advmod cop mark xcomp obj punct root Shall AUX we PRON never ADV be AUX able ADJ to PART destroy VERB him PRON ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shall shall AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 able aux 2 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 able nsubj 3 never never ADV PronType=Neg 5 able advmod 4 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 5 able cop 5 able able ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 to to PART _ 7 destroy mark 7 destroy destroy VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 able xcomp 8 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 destroy obj 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 able punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not is shall we able property tree rules 2 destroy to-infinitive we not said here him = he vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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