development Who acts: Development, process, that, We, Reading, child · What happens: be, grow, change, become, turn, watch · To what, where: process, new event, situation, building, group, making
«development» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: development in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Development is the process of growing or changing and becoming bigger, stronger or more advanced.
The tree, 15 words nsubj cop det mark acl cc conj cc conj xcomp punct parataxis cc conj conj punct root Development NOUN is AUX the DET process NOUN of SCONJ growing VERB or CCONJ changing VERB and CCONJ becoming VERB bigger ADJ , PUNCT stronger ADJ or CCONJ more ADJ advanced ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Development development NOUN Number=Sing 4 process nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 process cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 process det 4 process process NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of SCONJ _ 6 growing mark 6 growing grow VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 process acl 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 changing cc 8 changing change VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 growing conj 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 becoming cc 10 becoming become VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 growing conj 11 bigger big ADJ Degree=Cmp 10 becoming xcomp 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 stronger punct 13 stronger strong ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 process parataxis 14 or or CCONJ _ 15 more cc 15 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 13 stronger conj 16 advanced advanced ADJ Degree=Pos 13 stronger conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 4 process punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Development the process tree rules 2 grow gerund the process not said here vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 change gerund the process not said here vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 become gerund the process not said here big property vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A development is a new event or piece of news that changes a situation.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj cop det amod cc conj case nmod nsubj parataxis det obj punct root A DET development NOUN is AUX a DET new ADJ event NOUN or CCONJ piece NOUN of ADP news NOUN that PRON changes VERB a DET situation NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 development det 2 development development NOUN Number=Sing 6 event nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 event cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 event det 5 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 6 event amod 6 event event NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 piece cc 8 piece piece NOUN Number=Sing 6 event conj 9 of of ADP _ 10 news case 10 news news NOUN Number=Sing 8 piece nmod 11 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 changes nsubj 12 changes change VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 event parataxis 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 situation det 14 situation situation NOUN Number=Sing 12 changes obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 event punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a development a new event or piece of news tree rules 2 change present that a situation vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent situation=Patient
Meaning 3 Development is the building of new houses, roads or businesses on land; a development can also be a group of new buildings.
The tree, 22 words nsubj cop det case amod nmod punct conj cc conj case nmod punct det nsubj aux advmod cop det appos case amod nmod punct root Development NOUN is AUX the DET building NOUN of ADP new ADJ houses NOUN , PUNCT roads NOUN or CCONJ businesses NOUN on ADP land NOUN ; PUNCT a DET development NOUN can AUX also ADV be AUX a DET group NOUN of ADP new ADJ buildings NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Development development NOUN Number=Sing 4 building nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 building cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 building det 4 building building NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 7 houses case 6 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 7 houses amod 7 houses house NOUN Number=Plur 4 building nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 roads punct 9 roads road NOUN Number=Plur 7 houses conj 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 businesses cc 11 businesses business NOUN Number=Plur 7 houses conj 12 on on ADP _ 13 land case 13 land land NOUN Number=Sing 11 businesses nmod 14 ; ; PUNCT _ 21 group punct 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 development det 16 development development NOUN Number=Sing 21 group nsubj 17 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 21 group aux 18 also also ADV _ 21 group advmod 19 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 21 group cop 20 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 21 group det 21 group group NOUN Number=Sing 4 building appos 22 of of ADP _ 24 buildings case 23 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 24 buildings amod 24 buildings building NOUN Number=Plur 21 group nmod 25 . . PUNCT _ 4 building punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Development the building of new houses and roads or businesses on land tree rules 2 is a can a development a group of new buildings tree rules
Meaning 4 Development is the making of a new product or idea, such as a new game or medicine.
The tree, 17 words nsubj cop det case det amod nmod cc conj punct case fixed det amod conj cc conj punct root Development NOUN is AUX the DET making NOUN of ADP a DET new ADJ product NOUN or CCONJ idea NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP a DET new ADJ game NOUN or CCONJ medicine NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Development development NOUN Number=Sing 4 making nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 making cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 making det 4 making making NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 8 product case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 product det 7 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 8 product amod 8 product product NOUN Number=Sing 4 making nmod 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 idea cc 10 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 8 product conj 11 , , PUNCT _ 16 game punct 12 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 16 game case 13 as as ADP _ 12 such fixed 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 game det 15 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 16 game amod 16 game game NOUN Number=Sing 8 product conj 17 or or CCONJ _ 18 medicine cc 18 medicine medicine NOUN Number=Sing 16 game conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 4 making punct
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1 is a present Development the making of a new product or idea and a new game or medicine tree rules
Meaning 5 Usage: photography — kept apart, not parsed.
Development is the process that turns old-style film into photos.
nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl amod punct compound obj case obl punct root Development NOUN is AUX the DET process NOUN that PRON turns VERB old ADJ - PUNCT style NOUN film NOUN into ADP photos NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Development development NOUN Number=Sing 4 process nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 process cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 process det 4 process process NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 turns nsubj 6 turns turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 process acl:relcl 7 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 9 style amod 8 - - PUNCT _ 7 old punct 9 style style NOUN Number=Sing 10 film compound 10 film film NOUN Number=Sing 6 turns obj 11 into into ADP _ 12 photos case 12 photos photo NOUN Number=Plur 6 turns obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 process punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Development the process tree rules 2 turn present the process style film photos vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent film=Theme into photo=Trajectory
Example 1 We watched the development of tadpoles into frogs.
nsubj det obj case nmod case obl punct root We PRON watched VERB the DET development NOUN of ADP tadpoles NOUN into ADP frogs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 watched nsubj 2 watched watch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 development det 4 development development NOUN Number=Sing 2 watched obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 tadpoles case 6 tadpoles tadpole NOUN Number=Plur 4 development nmod 7 into into ADP _ 8 frogs case 8 frogs frog NOUN Number=Plur 2 watched obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 watched punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 watch past We the development of tadpoles into frogs vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent development=Theme 2 develop tadpoles nom development «act transitive»: of=patient
Example 2 Reading helps a child's development.
nsubj det nmod:poss case obj punct root Reading NOUN helps VERB a DET child NOUN 's PART development NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Reading reading NOUN Number=Sing 2 helps nsubj 2 helps help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 child det 4 child child NOUN Number=Sing 6 development nmod:poss 5 's 's PART _ 4 child case 6 development development NOUN Number=Sing 2 helps obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 helps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present Reading a child's development vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent development=Beneficiary 2 develop a child nom development «act transitive»: poss=agent
Example 3 There has been a new development in the missing dog case.
expl aux det amod nsubj case det amod compound nmod punct root There PRON has AUX been VERB a DET new ADJ development NOUN in ADP the DET missing ADJ dog NOUN case NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 3 been expl 2 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 been aux 3 been be VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 development det 5 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 6 development amod 6 development development NOUN Number=Sing 3 been nsubj 7 in in ADP _ 11 case case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 case det 9 missing missing ADJ Degree=Pos 11 case amod 10 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 11 case compound 11 case case NOUN Number=Sing 6 development nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 been punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be present · perfect a new development in the missing dog case there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 A new housing development is being built near our school.
det amod compound nsubj:pass aux:pass aux:pass case nmod:poss obl punct root A DET new ADJ housing NOUN development NOUN is AUX being AUX built VERB near ADP our PRON school NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 development det 2 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 4 development amod 3 housing housing NOUN Number=Sing 4 development compound 4 development development NOUN Number=Sing 7 built nsubj:pass 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 built aux:pass 6 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 built aux:pass 7 built build VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 near near ADP _ 10 school case 9 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 school nmod:poss 10 school school NOUN Number=Sing 7 built obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 built punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 build present · passive a new housing development our school vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
Example 5 The development of the vaccine took many years.
det nsubj case det nmod amod obj punct root The DET development NOUN of ADP the DET vaccine NOUN took VERB many ADJ years NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 development det 2 development development NOUN Number=Sing 6 took nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 5 vaccine case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 vaccine det 5 vaccine vaccine NOUN Number=Sing 2 development nmod 6 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 8 years amod 8 years year NOUN Number=Plur 6 took obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 took punct
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1 take past the development of the vaccine year vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 develop the vaccine nom development «act transitive»: of=patient
Example 6 The game is still in development.
det nsubj cop advmod case punct root The DET game NOUN is AUX still ADV in ADP development NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 game det 2 game game NOUN Number=Sing 6 development nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 development cop 4 still still ADV _ 6 development advmod 5 in in ADP _ 6 development case 6 development development NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 development punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the game development still tree rules
Example 7 Good food and sleep are important for healthy development.
amod nsubj cc conj cop case amod obl punct root Good ADJ food NOUN and CCONJ sleep NOUN are AUX important ADJ for ADP healthy ADJ development NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Good good ADJ Degree=Pos 2 food amod 2 food food NOUN Number=Sing 6 important nsubj 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 sleep cc 4 sleep sleep NOUN Number=Sing 2 food conj 5 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 important cop 6 important important ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 for for ADP _ 9 development case 8 healthy healthy ADJ Degree=Pos 9 development amod 9 development development NOUN Number=Sing 6 important obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 important punct
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1 is present Good food and sleep for healthy development; important property tree rules
Example 8 Laughing is an infallible sign of the highest degree of mental development.
csubj cop det amod case det amod nmod case amod nmod punct root Laughing VERB is AUX an DET infallible ADJ sign NOUN of ADP the DET highest ADJ degree NOUN of ADP mental ADJ development NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Laughing laugh VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 sign csubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 sign cop 3 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 sign det 4 infallible infallible ADJ Degree=Pos 5 sign amod 5 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 9 degree case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 degree det 8 highest high ADJ Degree=Sup 9 degree amod 9 degree degree NOUN Number=Sing 5 sign nmod 10 of of ADP _ 12 development case 11 mental mental ADJ Degree=Pos 12 development amod 12 development development NOUN Number=Sing 9 degree nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 sign punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 laugh gerund vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is a present Laughing a infallible sign of the highest degree of mental development tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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