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difficult

Who acts: you, puzzle, I, last question, It, toddler · What happens: understand, deal, need, please, get on, be · To what, where: lot, it, difficult time, mountain · Speech: someone speaks here

«difficult» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: difficult in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Hard to do, understand or deal with; needing a lot of effort or skill.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 understand	advmod
2	to	to	PART	_	3 do	mark
3	do	do	AUX	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	5 understand	aux
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 understand	punct
5	understand	understand	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 deal	cc
7	deal	deal	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	5 understand	conj
8	with	with	ADP	_	7 deal	obl
9	;	;	PUNCT	_	10 needing	punct
10	needing	need	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 understand	advcl
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 lot	det
12	lot	lot	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 needing	obj
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 effort	case
14	effort	effort	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 lot	nmod
15	or	or	CCONJ	_	16 skill	cc
16	skill	skill	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 effort	conj
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 understand	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	understand	imperative · do-support	you not said here						vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
2	deal	infinitive	you not said here						vn cope-83 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
3	need	gerund	you not said here	a lot of effort or skill					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot lot=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Full of problems or worries (a difficult time).

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
2	of	of	ADP	_	3 problems	case
3	problems	problem	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Full	obl
4	or	or	CCONJ	_	5 worries	cc
5	worries	worry	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 problems	conj
6	(	(	PUNCT	_	9 time	punct
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 time	det
8	difficult	difficult	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 time	amod
9	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 worries	appos
10	)	)	PUNCT	_	9 time	punct
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Full	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Meaning 3

Usage: of a person — kept apart, not parsed.

Not easy to please or get on with; unhelpful.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	2 easy	advmod
2	easy	easy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 please	mark
4	please	please	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 easy	xcomp
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	6 get	cc
6	get	get	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 please	conj
7	on	on	ADV	_	6 get	advmod
8	with	with	ADP	_	6 get	obl
9	;	;	PUNCT	_	10 unhelpful	punct
10	unhelpful	unhelpful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 easy	conj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 easy	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	please	to-infinitive							vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
2	get on	infinitive							vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer

Example 1

This puzzle is very difficult.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	This	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	2 puzzle	det
2	puzzle	puzzle	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 difficult	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 difficult	cop
4	very	very	ADV	_	5 difficult	advmod
5	difficult	difficult	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 difficult	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	this puzzle					difficult property	tree rules

Example 2

I find it difficult to wake up early.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 find	nsubj
2	find	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 find	obj
4	difficult	difficult	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 find	xcomp
5	to	to	PART	_	6 wake	mark
6	wake	wake	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 difficult	xcomp
7	up	up	ADP	_	6 wake	compound:prt
8	early	early	ADV	Degree=Pos	6 wake	advmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 find	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	present	I	it				difficult property	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic
2	wake up	to-infinitive						early property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Example 3

The last question was the most difficult.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 question	det
2	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 question	amod
3	question	question	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 difficult	nsubj
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 difficult	cop
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 difficult	det
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 difficult	advmod
7	difficult	difficult	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 difficult	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the last question					difficult property	tree rules

Example 4

It was a difficult time for the family.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 time	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 time	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 time	det
4	difficult	difficult	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 time	amod
5	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	for	for	ADP	_	8 family	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 family	det
8	family	family	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 time	nmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 time	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	It	a difficult time				for the family	tree rules

Example 5

The toddler is being difficult today.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 toddler	det
2	toddler	toddler	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 difficult	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 difficult	cop
4	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 difficult	cop
5	difficult	difficult	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	today	today	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 difficult	obl:unmarked
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 difficult	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the toddler				today	difficult property	tree rules

Example 6

It's difficult to say who will win.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 difficult	expl
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 difficult	cop
3	difficult	difficult	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 say	mark
5	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 difficult	csubj
6	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 win	nsubj
7	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 win	aux
8	win	win	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 say	ccomp
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 difficult	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						difficult property	tree rules
2	say speech: assert	to-infinitive							vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	win	future							vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 7

Climbing the mountain was difficult but fun.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Climbing	climb	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 difficult	csubj
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 mountain	det
3	mountain	mountain	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Climbing	obj
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 difficult	cop
5	difficult	difficult	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	but	but	CCONJ	_	7 fun	cc
7	fun	fun	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 difficult	conj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 difficult	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	climb	gerund		the mountain					vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location mountain=Theme
2	is	past	Climbing					difficult property	tree rules
3	be		Climbing not said here						tree rules

Example 8

Its dialect renders it somewhat difficult to read.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 dialect	nmod:poss
2	dialect	dialect	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 renders	nsubj
3	renders	render	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 renders	obj
5	somewhat	somewhat	ADV	_	6 difficult	advmod
6	difficult	difficult	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 renders	advcl
7	to	to	PART	_	8 read	mark
8	read	read	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 difficult	xcomp
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 renders	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	render	present	Its dialect	it					vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
2	read	to-infinitive	Its dialect not said here						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/difficult/