dinosaur Who acts: dinosaur, reptiles, some, others, person, Tyrannosaurus rex · What happens: be, live, die out, eat, see, learn · To what, where: one, Earth millions, person, fierce eating dinosaur, huge dinosaur skeleton, museum · Speech: someone speaks here
«dinosaur» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: dinosaur in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A dinosaur is one of a large group of reptiles that lived on Earth millions of years ago and died out; some were huge, others were small.
The tree, 27 words det nsubj cop case det amod nmod case nmod nsubj acl:relcl case compound obl case nmod advmod cc conj compound:prt punct nsubj cop parataxis punct nsubj cop conj punct root A DET dinosaur NOUN is AUX one NUM of ADP a DET large ADJ group NOUN of ADP reptiles NOUN that PRON lived VERB on ADP Earth PROPN millions NOUN of ADP years NOUN ago ADV and CCONJ died VERB out ADP ; PUNCT some DET were AUX huge ADJ , PUNCT others NOUN were AUX small ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 dinosaur det 2 dinosaur dinosaur NOUN Number=Sing 4 one nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 one cop 4 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 5 of of ADP _ 8 group case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 group det 7 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 8 group amod 8 group group NOUN Number=Sing 4 one nmod 9 of of ADP _ 10 reptiles case 10 reptiles reptile NOUN Number=Plur 8 group nmod 11 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 lived nsubj 12 lived live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 reptiles acl:relcl 13 on on ADP _ 15 millions case 14 Earth Earth PROPN Number=Sing 15 millions compound 15 millions million NOUN Number=Plur 12 lived obl 16 of of ADP _ 17 years case 17 years year NOUN Number=Plur 15 millions nmod 18 ago ago ADV _ 12 lived advmod 19 and and CCONJ _ 20 died cc 20 died die VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 12 lived conj 21 out out ADP _ 20 died compound:prt 22 ; ; PUNCT _ 25 huge punct 23 some some DET PronType=Ind 25 huge nsubj 24 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 25 huge cop 25 huge huge ADJ Degree=Pos 4 one parataxis 26 , , PUNCT _ 29 small punct 27 others other NOUN Number=Plur 29 small nsubj 28 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 29 small cop 29 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 25 huge conj 30 . . PUNCT _ 4 one punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a dinosaur one of a large group of reptiles tree rules 2 live past reptiles Earth millions of years ago property vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on million=Location 3 die out past reptiles not said here vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute 4 is past some huge property tree rules 5 is past others small property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A dinosaur is also a person or thing that is old-fashioned and no longer useful.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop advmod det cc conj nsubj cop amod punct acl:relcl cc advmod advmod conj punct root A DET dinosaur NOUN is AUX also ADV a DET person NOUN or CCONJ thing NOUN that PRON is AUX old ADJ - PUNCT fashioned ADJ and CCONJ no ADV longer ADV useful ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 dinosaur det 2 dinosaur dinosaur NOUN Number=Sing 6 person nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 person cop 4 also also ADV _ 6 person advmod 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 person det 6 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 thing cc 8 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 6 person conj 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 13 fashioned nsubj 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 fashioned cop 11 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 13 fashioned amod 12 - - PUNCT _ 11 old punct 13 fashioned fashioned ADJ Degree=Pos 6 person acl:relcl 14 and and CCONJ _ 17 useful cc 15 no no ADV _ 16 longer advmod 16 longer long ADV Degree=Cmp 17 useful advmod 17 useful useful ADJ Degree=Pos 13 fashioned conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 6 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a dinosaur a person or thing tree rules 2 is present a person or thing fashioned property tree rules 3 be a person or thing not said here long property tree rules
Example 1 Tyrannosaurus rex was a fierce meat-eating dinosaur.
compound nsubj cop det amod compound punct amod punct root Tyrannosaurus PROPN rex PROPN was AUX a DET fierce ADJ meat NOUN - PUNCT eating VERB dinosaur NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tyrannosaurus Tyrannosaurus PROPN Number=Sing 2 rex compound 2 rex rex PROPN Number=Sing 9 dinosaur nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 dinosaur cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 dinosaur det 5 fierce fierce ADJ Degree=Pos 9 dinosaur amod 6 meat meat NOUN Number=Sing 8 eating compound 7 - - PUNCT _ 6 meat punct 8 eating eat VERB VerbForm=Ger 9 dinosaur amod 9 dinosaur dinosaur NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 dinosaur punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat gerund vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is a past Tyrannosaurus rex a fierce eating dinosaur tree rules
Example 2 We saw a huge dinosaur skeleton at the museum.
nsubj det amod compound obj case det obl punct root We PRON saw VERB a DET huge ADJ dinosaur NOUN skeleton NOUN at ADP the DET museum NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 saw nsubj 2 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 skeleton det 4 huge huge ADJ Degree=Pos 6 skeleton amod 5 dinosaur dinosaur NOUN Number=Sing 6 skeleton compound 6 skeleton skeleton NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obj 7 at at ADP _ 9 museum case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 museum det 9 museum museum NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 saw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see past We a huge dinosaur skeleton the museum vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer skeleton=Stimulus
Example 3 Dinosaurs lived millions of years ago.
nsubj obj case nmod advmod punct root Dinosaurs NOUN lived VERB millions NOUN of ADP years NOUN ago ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dinosaurs dinosaur NOUN Number=Plur 2 lived nsubj 2 lived live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 millions million NOUN Number=Plur 2 lived obj 4 of of ADP _ 5 years case 5 years year NOUN Number=Plur 3 millions nmod 6 ago ago ADV _ 2 lived advmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 lived punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live past Dinosaurs millions of years ago property vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme million=Location
Example 4 Scientists learn about dinosaurs by studying fossils.
nsubj case obl mark advcl obj punct root Scientists NOUN learn VERB about ADP dinosaurs NOUN by SCONJ studying VERB fossils NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 2 learn nsubj 2 learn learn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 about about ADP _ 4 dinosaurs case 4 dinosaurs dinosaur NOUN Number=Plur 2 learn obl 5 by by SCONJ _ 6 studying mark 6 studying study VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 learn advcl 7 fossils fossil NOUN Number=Plur 6 studying obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 learn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 learn present Scientists about dinosaurs vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about dinosaur=Topic 2 study gerund Scientists not said here fossils vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fossil=Topic
Example 5 Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens.
det nsubj cop advmod case obl punct root Some DET dinosaurs NOUN were AUX as ADV small ADJ as ADP chickens NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 dinosaurs det 2 dinosaurs dinosaur NOUN Number=Plur 5 small nsubj 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 small cop 4 as as ADV _ 5 small advmod 5 small small ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 as as ADP _ 7 chickens case 7 chickens chicken NOUN Number=Plur 5 small obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 small punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past some dinosaurs as chickens; small property tree rules
Example 6 Birds are related to dinosaurs.
nsubj cop case obl punct root Birds NOUN are AUX related ADJ to ADP dinosaurs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Birds bird NOUN Number=Plur 3 related nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 related cop 3 related related ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 to to ADP _ 5 dinosaurs case 5 dinosaurs dinosaur NOUN Number=Plur 3 related obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 related punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Birds to dinosaurs; related property tree rules
Example 7 Grandpa jokes that his old phone is a dinosaur.
nsubj mark nmod:poss amod nsubj cop det ccomp punct root Grandpa PROPN jokes VERB that SCONJ his PRON old ADJ phone NOUN is AUX a DET dinosaur NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandpa Grandpa PROPN Number=Sing 2 jokes nsubj 2 jokes joke VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 that that SCONJ _ 9 dinosaur mark 4 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 phone nmod:poss 5 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 6 phone amod 6 phone phone NOUN Number=Sing 9 dinosaur nsubj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 dinosaur cop 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 dinosaur det 9 dinosaur dinosaur NOUN Number=Sing 2 jokes ccomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 jokes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 joke speech: other present Grandpa vn chit_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is a present Grandpa's old phone a dinosaur tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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