discourage Who acts: you, it, something, Fences, one bad score, Signs · What happens: make, feel, try, stop, do, show · To what, where: someone, something, them, good idea, burglars, one bad score · Speech: someone speaks here
«discourage» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: discourage in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To make someone feel less confident or less hopeful.
mark advcl obj advmod xcomp cc advmod conj punct root To PART make VERB someone PRON feel VERB less ADV confident ADJ or CCONJ less ADV hopeful ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 make mark 2 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 feel advcl 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 make obj 4 feel feel VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 5 less less ADV Degree=Cmp 6 confident advmod 6 confident confident ADJ Degree=Pos 4 feel xcomp 7 or or CCONJ _ 9 hopeful cc 8 less less ADV Degree=Cmp 9 hopeful advmod 9 hopeful hopeful ADJ Degree=Pos 6 confident conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 feel punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make to-infinitive you not said here someone vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset someone=Product 2 feel imperative you not said here confident property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To try to stop someone from doing something by showing them it is not a good idea: «discourage someone from doing».
The tree, 21 words mark mark xcomp obj mark advcl obj mark advcl obj nsubj cop advmod det amod parataxis punct punct parataxis obj mark advcl punct punct root To PART try VERB to PART stop VERB someone PRON from SCONJ doing VERB something PRON by SCONJ showing VERB them PRON it PRON is AUX not PART a DET good ADJ idea NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT discourage VERB someone PRON from SCONJ doing VERB » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 try mark 2 try try VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 stop mark 4 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 try xcomp 5 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 stop obj 6 from from SCONJ _ 7 doing mark 7 doing do VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 stop advcl 8 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 doing obj 9 by by SCONJ _ 10 showing mark 10 showing show VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 doing advcl 11 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 showing obj 12 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 17 idea nsubj 13 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 17 idea cop 14 not not PART Polarity=Neg 17 idea advmod 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 idea det 16 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 17 idea amod 17 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 10 showing parataxis 18 : : PUNCT _ 20 discourage punct 19 « « PUNCT _ 20 discourage punct 20 discourage discourage VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 17 idea parataxis 21 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 20 discourage obj 22 from from SCONJ _ 23 doing mark 23 doing do VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 20 discourage advcl 24 » » PUNCT _ 20 discourage punct 25 . . PUNCT _ 2 try punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 try to-infinitive vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 2 stop not said to happen to-infinitive someone vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality someone=Eventuality 3 do gerund something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality 4 show gerund them = they vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient 5 not is a present it a good idea tree rules 6 discourage in a quote infinitive someone vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus someone=Experiencer 7 do in a quote gerund vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 To make something less likely to happen: «Fences discourage burglars.».
The tree, 10 words mark obj advmod amod mark xcomp punct punct nsubj conj obj punct punct punct root To PART make VERB something PRON less ADV likely ADJ to PART happen VERB : PUNCT « PUNCT Fences NOUN discourage VERB burglars NOUN . PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 make mark 2 make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 make obj 4 less less ADV Degree=Cmp 5 likely advmod 5 likely likely ADJ Degree=Pos 3 something amod 6 to to PART _ 7 happen mark 7 happen happen VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 likely xcomp 8 : : PUNCT _ 11 discourage punct 9 « « PUNCT _ 11 discourage punct 10 Fences fence NOUN Number=Plur 11 discourage nsubj 11 discourage discourage VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 make conj 12 burglars burglar NOUN Number=Plur 11 discourage obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 11 discourage punct 14 » » PUNCT _ 11 discourage punct 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make to-infinitive something vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset something=Product 2 happen to-infinitive something not said here vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 discourage in a quote present Fences burglars vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus burglar=Experiencer
Example 1 Don't let one bad score discourage you.
aux advmod nummod amod obj xcomp obj punct root Do AUX n't PART let VERB one NUM bad ADJ score NOUN discourage VERB you PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 let aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 let advmod 3 let let VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 score nummod 5 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 6 score amod 6 score score NOUN Number=Sing 3 let obj 7 discourage discourage VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 let xcomp 8 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 discourage obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 let punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not let imperative · do-support you not said here one bad score tree rules 2 discourage present one bad score not said here you vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus you=Experiencer
Example 2 Signs discourage people from dropping litter.
nsubj obj mark advcl obj punct root Signs NOUN discourage VERB people NOUN from SCONJ dropping VERB litter NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Signs sign NOUN Number=Plur 2 discourage nsubj 2 discourage discourage VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 people people NOUN Number=Plur 2 discourage obj 4 from from SCONJ _ 5 dropping mark 5 dropping drop VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 discourage advcl 6 litter litter NOUN Number=Sing 5 dropping obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 discourage punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 discourage present Signs people vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus people=Experiencer 2 drop gerund Signs not said here litter vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent litter=Theme
Example 3 Her parents discouraged her from swimming in the cold sea.
nmod:poss nsubj obj mark advcl case det amod obl punct root Her PRON parents NOUN discouraged VERB her PRON from SCONJ swimming VERB in ADP the DET cold ADJ sea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 parents nmod:poss 2 parents parent NOUN Number=Plur 3 discouraged nsubj 3 discouraged discourage VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 discouraged obj 5 from from SCONJ _ 6 swimming mark 6 swimming swim VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 discouraged advcl 7 in in ADP _ 10 sea case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 sea det 9 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 10 sea amod 10 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 6 swimming obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 discouraged punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 discourage past Her parents her = she vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus she=Experiencer 2 swim gerund Her parents not said here the cold sea vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sea=Trajectory
Example 4 Bright lights discourage burglars.
amod nsubj obj punct root Bright ADJ lights NOUN discourage VERB burglars NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bright bright ADJ Degree=Pos 2 lights amod 2 lights light NOUN Number=Plur 3 discourage nsubj 3 discourage discourage VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 burglars burglar NOUN Number=Plur 3 discourage obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 3 discourage punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 discourage present Bright lights burglars vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus burglar=Experiencer
Example 5 The rain didn't discourage the fans from coming.
det nsubj aux advmod det obj mark advcl punct root The DET rain NOUN did AUX n't PART discourage VERB the DET fans NOUN from SCONJ coming VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 rain det 2 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 5 discourage nsubj 3 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 discourage aux 4 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 5 discourage advmod 5 discourage discourage VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 fans det 7 fans fan NOUN Number=Plur 5 discourage obj 8 from from SCONJ _ 9 coming mark 9 coming come VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 discourage advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 discourage punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not discourage past · do-support the rain the fans vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus fan=Experiencer 2 come gerund the rain not said here vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 He was discouraged when his tower fell down again.
nsubj cop advmod nmod:poss nsubj advcl advmod advmod punct root He PRON was AUX discouraged ADJ when ADV his PRON tower NOUN fell VERB down ADV again ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 discouraged nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 discouraged cop 3 discouraged discouraged ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 7 fell advmod 5 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 tower nmod:poss 6 tower tower NOUN Number=Sing 7 fell nsubj 7 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 discouraged advcl 8 down down ADV _ 7 fell advmod 9 again again ADV _ 7 fell advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 discouraged punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past He discouraged property tree rules 2 fall down past his tower again down property vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 7 She knew that it was for her boy’s good that he should leave her now, and she must not discourage him just as he was setting out.
The tree, 28 words nsubj mark nsubj cop case nmod:poss nsubj case ccomp mark nsubj aux advcl obj advmod punct cc nsubj aux advmod conj obj advmod mark nsubj aux advcl compound:prt punct root She PRON knew VERB that SCONJ it PRON was AUX for ADP her PRON boy NOUN ’s PART good ADJ that SCONJ he PRON should AUX leave VERB her PRON now ADV , PUNCT and CCONJ she PRON must AUX not PART discourage VERB him PRON just ADV as SCONJ he PRON was AUX setting VERB out ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 knew nsubj 2 knew know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 that that SCONJ _ 10 good mark 4 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 good nsubj 5 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 good cop 6 for for ADP _ 10 good case 7 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 boy nmod:poss 8 boy boy NOUN Number=Sing 10 good nsubj 9 ’s 's PART _ 8 boy case 10 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 2 knew ccomp 11 that that SCONJ _ 14 leave mark 12 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 leave nsubj 13 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 14 leave aux 14 leave leave VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 good advcl 15 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 leave obj 16 now now ADV PronType=Dem 14 leave advmod 17 , , PUNCT _ 22 discourage punct 18 and and CCONJ _ 22 discourage cc 19 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 22 discourage nsubj 20 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 22 discourage aux 21 not not PART Polarity=Neg 22 discourage advmod 22 discourage discourage VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 knew conj 23 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 22 discourage obj 24 just just ADV _ 28 setting advmod 25 as as SCONJ _ 28 setting mark 26 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 28 setting nsubj 27 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 28 setting aux 28 setting set VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 22 discourage advcl 29 out out ADP _ 28 setting compound:prt 30 . . PUNCT _ 2 knew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 know past She vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 2 is past it good property tree rules 3 leave should boy her = she now vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Theme 4 not discourage must she boy vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus he=Experiencer 5 set out past · progressive boy vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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