dismay Who acts: Dismay, something, they, someone, cream van, my · What happens: be, disappoint, happen, dismay, feel, mean · To what, where: sudden sad worried feeling, someone, dismay, everyone, He, post · Speech: someone speaks here
«dismay» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: dismay in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Dismay is a sudden sad, worried feeling when something bad or disappointing happens.
The tree, 13 words nsubj cop det amod amod punct amod advmod nsubj amod cc conj advcl punct root Dismay NOUN is AUX a DET sudden ADJ sad ADJ , PUNCT worried ADJ feeling NOUN when ADV something PRON bad ADJ or CCONJ disappointing VERB happens VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dismay dismay NOUN Number=Sing 8 feeling nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 feeling cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 feeling det 4 sudden sudden ADJ Degree=Pos 8 feeling amod 5 sad sad ADJ Degree=Pos 8 feeling amod 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 sad punct 7 worried worried ADJ Degree=Pos 8 feeling amod 8 feeling feeling NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 when when ADV PronType=Int 14 happens advmod 10 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 14 happens nsubj 11 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 10 something amod 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 disappointing cc 13 disappointing disappoint VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 10 something conj 14 happens happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 feeling advcl 15 . . PUNCT _ 8 feeling punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Dismay a sudden sad worried feeling tree rules 2 disappoint gerund something not said here tree rules 3 happen present something vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To dismay someone is to make them feel shocked and upset.
mark csubj obj cop mark obj xcomp xcomp cc conj punct root To PART dismay VERB someone PRON is AUX to PART make VERB them PRON feel VERB shocked ADJ and CCONJ upset ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 dismay mark 2 dismay dismay VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 make csubj 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 dismay obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 make cop 5 to to PART _ 6 make mark 6 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 make obj 8 feel feel VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 make xcomp 9 shocked shocked ADJ Degree=Pos 8 feel xcomp 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 upset cc 11 upset upset ADJ Degree=Pos 9 shocked conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dismay to-infinitive someone vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus someone=Experiencer 2 is present make property tree rules 3 feel infinitive shocked property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Meaning 3 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
To someone's dismay means «and they were upset that».
case nmod:poss case nsubj punct cc nsubj cop ccomp obj punct punct root To ADP someone PRON 's PART dismay NOUN means VERB « PUNCT and CCONJ they PRON were AUX upset ADJ that PRON » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to ADP _ 4 dismay case 2 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 dismay nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 someone case 4 dismay dismay NOUN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 « « PUNCT _ 10 upset punct 7 and and CCONJ _ 10 upset cc 8 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 upset nsubj 9 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 upset cop 10 upset upset ADJ Degree=Pos 5 means ccomp 11 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 10 upset obj 12 » » PUNCT _ 10 upset punct 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present someone's dismay vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 is in a quote past they upset property tree rules 3 dismay someone nom dismay «feeling transitive»: poss=agent
Example 1 To my dismay, the ice cream van had gone.
case nmod:poss obl punct det compound compound nsubj aux punct root To ADP my PRON dismay NOUN , PUNCT the DET ice NOUN cream NOUN van NOUN had AUX gone VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to ADP _ 3 dismay case 2 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 dismay nmod:poss 3 dismay dismay NOUN Number=Sing 10 gone obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 dismay punct 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 van det 6 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 7 cream compound 7 cream cream NOUN Number=Sing 8 van compound 8 van van NOUN Number=Sing 10 gone nsubj 9 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 gone aux 10 gone go VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 11 . . PUNCT _ 10 gone punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past · perfect the cream van my dismay vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to dismay=Initial_Location 2 dismay my nom dismay «feeling transitive»: poss=agent
Example 2 She stared in dismay at the broken vase.
nsubj case obl case det amod obl punct root She PRON stared VERB in ADP dismay NOUN at ADP the DET broken VERB vase NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 stared nsubj 2 stared stare VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 4 dismay case 4 dismay dismay NOUN Number=Sing 2 stared obl 5 at at ADP _ 8 vase case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 vase det 7 broken break VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 vase amod 8 vase vase NOUN Number=Sing 2 stared obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 stared punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stare past She at the broken vase; in dismay vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in dismay=Theme 2 break participle vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
Example 3 The rain dismayed everyone at the sports day.
det nsubj obj case det compound obl punct root The DET rain NOUN dismayed VERB everyone PRON at ADP the DET sports NOUN day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 rain det 2 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 3 dismayed nsubj 3 dismayed dismay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 3 dismayed obj 5 at at ADP _ 8 day case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 day det 7 sports sport NOUN Number=Plur 8 day compound 8 day day NOUN Number=Sing 3 dismayed obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 dismayed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dismay past the rain everyone day vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus everyone=Experiencer
Example 4 He was dismayed to find his homework was missing.
nsubj aux:pass mark advcl nmod:poss nsubj cop ccomp punct root He PRON was AUX dismayed VERB to PART find VERB his PRON homework NOUN was AUX missing ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 dismayed nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 dismayed aux:pass 3 dismayed dismay VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 to to PART _ 5 find mark 5 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 dismayed advcl 6 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 homework nmod:poss 7 homework homework NOUN Number=Sing 9 missing nsubj 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 missing cop 9 missing missing ADJ Degree=Pos 5 find ccomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 dismayed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dismay past · passive He vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer 2 find to-infinitive vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent 3 is past his homework missing property tree rules
Example 5 The fans groaned in dismay as the ball hit the post.
det nsubj case obl mark det nsubj advcl det obj punct root The DET fans NOUN groaned VERB in ADP dismay NOUN as SCONJ the DET ball NOUN hit VERB the DET post NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 fans det 2 fans fan NOUN Number=Plur 3 groaned nsubj 3 groaned groan VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 5 dismay case 5 dismay dismay NOUN Number=Sing 3 groaned obl 6 as as SCONJ _ 9 hit mark 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 ball det 8 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 9 hit nsubj 9 hit hit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 groaned advcl 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 post det 11 post post NOUN Number=Sing 9 hit obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 groaned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 groan past the fans in dismay vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in dismay=Theme 2 hit past the ball the post vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme post=Co-Theme
Example 6 Much to our dismay, the trip was cancelled.
case fixed nmod:poss obl punct det nsubj:pass aux:pass punct root Much ADJ to ADP our PRON dismay NOUN , PUNCT the DET trip NOUN was AUX cancelled VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Much much ADJ Degree=Pos 4 dismay case 2 to to ADP _ 1 Much fixed 3 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 dismay nmod:poss 4 dismay dismay NOUN Number=Sing 9 cancelled obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 dismay punct 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 trip det 7 trip trip NOUN Number=Sing 9 cancelled nsubj:pass 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 cancelled aux:pass 9 cancelled cancel VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 cancelled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cancel past · passive the trip much our dismay tree rules 2 dismay our nom dismay «feeling transitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 The teacher was dismayed by the mess in the classroom.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl case det nmod punct root The DET teacher NOUN was AUX dismayed VERB by ADP the DET mess NOUN in ADP the DET classroom NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 teacher det 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 4 dismayed nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 dismayed aux:pass 4 dismayed dismay VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 by by ADP _ 7 mess case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 mess det 7 mess mess NOUN Number=Sing 4 dismayed obl 8 in in ADP _ 10 classroom case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 classroom det 10 classroom classroom NOUN Number=Sing 7 mess nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 dismayed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dismay past · passive the mess in the classroom the teacher vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer
Example 8 But I have eaten it!” exclaimed the baker in dismay.
cc nsubj aux obj punct punct conj det obj case nmod punct root But CCONJ I PRON have AUX eaten VERB it PRON ! PUNCT ” PUNCT exclaimed VERB the DET baker NOUN in ADP dismay NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 But but CCONJ _ 4 eaten cc 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 eaten nsubj 3 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 eaten aux 4 eaten eat VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 5 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 eaten obj 6 ! ! PUNCT _ 4 eaten punct 7 ” " PUNCT _ 8 exclaimed punct 8 exclaimed exclaim VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 eaten conj 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 baker det 10 baker baker NOUN Number=Sing 8 exclaimed obj 11 in in ADP _ 12 dismay case 12 dismay dismay NOUN Number=Sing 10 baker nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 eaten punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat present · perfect I it vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient 2 exclaim speech: express in a quote past I not said here the baker dismay vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent baker=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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