ditch Who acts: ditch, They, many days, 2 workers, car, Frogs · What happens: be, dig, ditch, leave, finish, slide off · To what, where: long narrow hole, ground, something, it, plane, water
«ditch» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: ditch in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A ditch is a long narrow hole dug in the ground, often along a road or field for water.
The tree, 19 words det nsubj cop det amod amod acl case det obl punct advmod case det conj cc conj case nmod punct root A DET ditch NOUN is AUX a DET long ADJ narrow ADJ hole NOUN dug VERB in ADP the DET ground NOUN , PUNCT often ADV along ADP a DET road NOUN or CCONJ field NOUN for ADP water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 ditch det 2 ditch ditch NOUN Number=Sing 7 hole nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 hole cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 hole det 5 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 7 hole amod 6 narrow narrow ADJ Degree=Pos 7 hole amod 7 hole hole NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 dug dig VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 hole acl 9 in in ADP _ 11 ground case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 ground det 11 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing 8 dug obl 12 , , PUNCT _ 16 road punct 13 often often ADV _ 16 road advmod 14 along along ADP _ 16 road case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 road det 16 road road NOUN Number=Sing 7 hole conj 17 or or CCONJ _ 18 field cc 18 field field NOUN Number=Sing 16 road conj 19 for for ADP _ 20 water case 20 water water NOUN Number=Sing 16 road nmod 21 . . PUNCT _ 7 hole punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a ditch a long narrow hole and a road for water or field tree rules 2 dig participle a long narrow hole and a road for water or field not said here the ground vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent in ground=Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To ditch something is to get rid of it or leave it (informal).
The tree, 13 words mark advcl obj cop mark xcomp case obl cc conj obj punct xcomp punct punct root To PART ditch VERB something PRON is AUX to PART get VERB rid ADJ of ADP it PRON or CCONJ leave VERB it PRON ( PUNCT informal ADJ ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 ditch mark 2 ditch ditch VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 get advcl 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 ditch obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 get cop 5 to to PART _ 6 get mark 6 get get VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 rid rid ADJ Degree=Pos 6 get xcomp 8 of of ADP _ 9 it case 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 rid obl 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 leave cc 11 leave leave VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 6 get conj 12 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 leave obj 13 ( ( PUNCT _ 14 informal punct 14 informal informal ADJ Degree=Pos 11 leave xcomp 15 ) ) PUNCT _ 14 informal punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 6 get punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ditch to-infinitive something tree rules 2 is present get, rid property tree rules 3 leave infinitive it informal property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
Meaning 3 To ditch a plane is to land it on water in an emergency.
mark advcl det obj cop mark obj case obl case det obl punct root To PART ditch VERB a DET plane NOUN is AUX to PART land VERB it PRON on ADP water NOUN in ADP an DET emergency NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 ditch mark 2 ditch ditch VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 land advcl 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 plane det 4 plane plane NOUN Number=Sing 2 ditch obj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 land cop 6 to to PART _ 7 land mark 7 land land VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 land obj 9 on on ADP _ 10 water case 10 water water NOUN Number=Sing 7 land obl 11 in in ADP _ 13 emergency case 12 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 emergency det 13 emergency emergency NOUN Number=Sing 7 land obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 7 land punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ditch to-infinitive a plane tree rules 2 is present water in a emergency; land property tree rules
Example 1 They dig a ditch 60 metres long.
nsubj det obj nummod obl:unmarked conj punct root They PRON dig VERB a DET ditch NOUN 60 NUM metres NOUN long ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 dig nsubj 2 dig dig VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 ditch det 4 ditch ditch NOUN Number=Sing 2 dig obj 5 60 60 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 metres nummod 6 metres metre NOUN Number=Plur 7 long obl:unmarked 7 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 2 dig conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 dig punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dig present They a ditch vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent ditch=Theme
Example 2 Each day they dig 12 metres of the ditch.
det obl:unmarked nsubj nummod obj case det nmod punct root Each DET day NOUN they PRON dig VERB 12 NUM metres NOUN of ADP the DET ditch NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 day det 2 day day NOUN Number=Sing 4 dig obl:unmarked 3 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 dig nsubj 4 dig dig VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 metres nummod 6 metres metre NOUN Number=Plur 4 dig obj 7 of of ADP _ 9 ditch case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 ditch det 9 ditch ditch NOUN Number=Sing 6 metres nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 dig punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dig present they 12 metres of the ditch day vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent metre=Theme
Example 3 How many days to finish the ditch?
advmod amod nsubj mark det obj punct root How ADV many ADJ days NOUN to PART finish VERB the DET ditch NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 days amod 3 days day NOUN Number=Plur 5 finish nsubj 4 to to PART _ 5 finish mark 5 finish finish VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 ditch det 7 ditch ditch NOUN Number=Sing 5 finish obj 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 finish punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 finish to-infinitive many days the ditch vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality ditch=Eventuality
Example 4 2 workers dig the ditch together.
nummod nsubj det obj advmod punct root 2 NUM workers NOUN dig VERB the DET ditch NOUN together ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 workers nummod 2 workers worker NOUN Number=Plur 3 dig nsubj 3 dig dig VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 ditch det 5 ditch ditch NOUN Number=Sing 3 dig obj 6 together together ADV _ 3 dig advmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 dig punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dig present 2 workers the ditch together property vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent ditch=Theme
Example 5 The car slid off the icy road into a ditch.
det nsubj case det amod obl case det obl punct root The DET car NOUN slid VERB off ADP the DET icy ADJ road NOUN into ADP a DET ditch NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 car det 2 car car NOUN Number=Sing 3 slid nsubj 3 slid slide VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 off off ADP _ 7 road case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 road det 6 icy icy ADJ Degree=Pos 7 road amod 7 road road NOUN Number=Sing 3 slid obl 8 into into ADP _ 10 ditch case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 ditch det 10 ditch ditch NOUN Number=Sing 3 slid obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 slid punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 slide off past the car the icy road a ditch vn run-51.3.2-2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location road=Theme
Example 6 Frogs live in the muddy ditch by the field.
nsubj case det amod obl case det obl punct root Frogs NOUN live VERB in ADP the DET muddy ADJ ditch NOUN by ADP the DET field NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Frogs frog NOUN Number=Plur 2 live nsubj 2 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 6 ditch case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 ditch det 5 muddy muddy ADJ Degree=Pos 6 ditch amod 6 ditch ditch NOUN Number=Sing 2 live obl 7 by by ADP _ 9 field case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 field det 9 field field NOUN Number=Sing 2 live obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 live punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live present Frogs the muddy ditch by the field vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in ditch=Location
Example 7 He ditched his old bike and bought a new one.
nsubj nmod:poss amod obj cc conj det amod obj punct root He PRON ditched VERB his PRON old ADJ bike NOUN and CCONJ bought VERB a DET new ADJ one NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 ditched nsubj 2 ditched ditch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 bike nmod:poss 4 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 5 bike amod 5 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 2 ditched obj 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 bought cc 7 bought buy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 ditched conj 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 one det 9 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 10 one amod 10 one one NOUN Number=Sing 7 bought obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 ditched punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ditch past He his old bike tree rules 2 buy past He not said here a new one vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme
Example 8 Rainwater runs along the ditch into the stream.
nsubj case det obl case det obl punct root Rainwater NOUN runs VERB along ADP the DET ditch NOUN into ADP the DET stream NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rainwater rainwater NOUN Number=Sing 2 runs nsubj 2 runs run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 along along ADP _ 5 ditch case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 ditch det 5 ditch ditch NOUN Number=Sing 2 runs obl 6 into into ADP _ 8 stream case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 stream det 8 stream stream NOUN Number=Sing 2 runs obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 runs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run present Rainwater into the stream result ; along the ditch vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into stream=Result
Example 9 Caw! caw! a crow flew up from the ditch.
compound punct nsubj punct det nsubj compound:prt case det obl punct root Caw NOUN ! PUNCT caw NOUN ! PUNCT a DET crow NOUN flew VERB up ADP from ADP the DET ditch NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Caw caw NOUN Number=Sing 3 caw compound 2 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Caw punct 3 caw caw NOUN Number=Sing 7 flew nsubj 4 ! ! PUNCT _ 3 caw punct 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 crow det 6 crow crow NOUN Number=Sing 7 flew nsubj 7 flew fly VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 up up ADP _ 7 flew compound:prt 9 from from ADP _ 11 ditch case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 ditch det 11 ditch ditch NOUN Number=Sing 7 flew obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 flew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fly up past Caw caw the ditch vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from ditch=Trajectory
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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