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doleful

Who acts: puppy, Mock Turtle, Toad, doleful bell, He, his · What happens: look, sound, cause, give, sing, sit · To what, where: sadness, doleful look, me, doleful song, cell, valley · Speech: someone speaks here

«doleful» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: doleful in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Very sad and gloomy, looking or sounding miserable.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Very	very	ADV	_	2 sad	advmod
2	sad	sad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 gloomy	cc
4	gloomy	gloomy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 sad	conj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 looking	punct
6	looking	look	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 sad	parataxis
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 sounding	cc
8	sounding	sound	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 looking	conj
9	miserable	miserable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 sounding	xcomp
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 sad	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	look	gerund							vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
2	sound	gerund						miserable property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Causing sadness: «doleful news».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Causing	cause	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	sadness	sadness	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Causing	obj
3	:	:	PUNCT	_	1 Causing	punct
4	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 news	punct
5	doleful	doleful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 news	amod
6	news	news	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Causing	obl
7	»	»	PUNCT	_	6 news	punct
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Causing	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause	gerund		sadness				doleful news obl	vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition sadness=Patient

Example 1

The puppy gave me a doleful look.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 puppy	det
2	puppy	puppy	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 gave	nsubj
3	gave	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 gave	iobj
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 look	det
6	doleful	doleful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 look	amod
7	look	look	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 gave	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 gave	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	past	the puppy	a doleful look	me				vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient look=Theme

Example 2

The Mock Turtle sang a doleful song.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 Turtle	det
2	Mock	Mock	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 Turtle	compound
3	Turtle	Turtle	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 sang	nsubj
4	sang	sing	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 song	det
6	doleful	doleful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 song	amod
7	song	song	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sang	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 sang	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sing speech: express	past	the Mock Turtle	a doleful song					vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme

Example 3

Toad sat in his cell looking doleful.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Toad	Toad	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 sat	nsubj
2	sat	sit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 cell	case
4	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 cell	nmod:poss
5	cell	cell	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sat	obl
6	looking	look	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 sat	advcl
7	doleful	doleful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 looking	xcomp
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 sat	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sit	past	Toad			Toad's cell			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in cell=Location
2	look	gerund	Toad not said here					doleful property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus

Example 4

A doleful bell rang across the valley.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 bell	det
2	doleful	doleful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 bell	amod
3	bell	bell	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 rang	nsubj
4	rang	ring	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	across	across	ADP	_	7 valley	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 valley	det
7	valley	valley	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 rang	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 rang	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ring	past	a doleful bell			the valley			vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 5

He told the doleful story of his lost kite.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 told	nsubj
2	told	tell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 story	det
4	doleful	doleful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 story	amod
5	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 told	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 kite	case
7	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 kite	nmod:poss
8	lost	lose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 kite	amod
9	kite	kite	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 story	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 told	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	past	He	the doleful story of his lost kite					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent story=Recipient
2	lose	participle							vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	kite		his = he						nom kite «possession transitive»: poss=agent

Example 6

The rain made the day feel doleful.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 rain	det
2	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 made	nsubj
3	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 day	det
5	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 made	obl:unmarked
6	feel	feel	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 made	xcomp
7	doleful	doleful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 feel	xcomp
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 made	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	past	the rain				day		tree rules
2	feel	infinitive	the rain not said here					doleful property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus

Example 7

It was really a doleful garden for a princess.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 garden	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 garden	cop
3	really	really	ADV	_	6 garden	advmod
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 garden	det
5	doleful	doleful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 garden	amod
6	garden	garden	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	for	for	ADP	_	9 princess	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 princess	det
9	princess	princess	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 garden	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 garden	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	It	a doleful garden				for a princess	tree rules

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/doleful/