donut Who acts: donut, Doing, I, box, jam donut, We · What happens: fry, be, shape, fill, call, do · To what, where: small sweet fried cake, ball, Something, donuts, car, tight circles · Speech: someone speaks here
«donut» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: donut in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A donut is a small, sweet, fried cake, often shaped like a ring with a hole in the middle or a ball filled with jam or cream.
The tree, 27 words det nsubj cop det amod punct amod punct amod punct advmod acl case det obl case det obl case det nmod cc det conj acl case obl cc conj punct root A DET donut NOUN is AUX a DET small ADJ , PUNCT sweet ADJ , PUNCT fried VERB cake NOUN , PUNCT often ADV shaped VERB like ADP a DET ring NOUN with ADP a DET hole NOUN in ADP the DET middle NOUN or CCONJ a DET ball NOUN filled VERB with ADP jam NOUN or CCONJ cream NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 donut det 2 donut donut NOUN Number=Sing 10 cake nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 cake cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 cake det 5 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 10 cake amod 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 small punct 7 sweet sweet ADJ Degree=Pos 10 cake amod 8 , , PUNCT _ 7 sweet punct 9 fried fry VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 cake amod 10 cake cake NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 shaped punct 12 often often ADV _ 13 shaped advmod 13 shaped shape VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 cake acl 14 like like ADP _ 16 ring case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 ring det 16 ring ring NOUN Number=Sing 13 shaped obl 17 with with ADP _ 19 hole case 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 hole det 19 hole hole NOUN Number=Sing 13 shaped obl 20 in in ADP _ 22 middle case 21 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 22 middle det 22 middle middle NOUN Number=Sing 19 hole nmod 23 or or CCONJ _ 25 ball cc 24 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 25 ball det 25 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 19 hole conj 26 filled fill VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 25 ball acl 27 with with ADP _ 28 jam case 28 jam jam NOUN Number=Sing 26 filled obl 29 or or CCONJ _ 30 cream cc 30 cream cream NOUN Number=Sing 28 jam conj 31 . . PUNCT _ 10 cake punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fry participle vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 is a present a donut a small sweet fried cake tree rules 3 shape participle a small sweet fried cake not said here like a ring; with a hole in the middle or a ball; often property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 4 fill participle a ball not said here with jam or cream vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with jam=Instrument
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Something shaped like a ring can be called a donut shape (in maths, a torus).
The tree, 15 words nsubj:pass acl case det obl aux aux:pass det compound xcomp punct case appos punct det conj punct punct root Something PRON shaped VERB like ADP a DET ring NOUN can AUX be AUX called VERB a DET donut NOUN shape NOUN ( PUNCT in ADP maths NOUN , PUNCT a DET torus NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 called nsubj:pass 2 shaped shape VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Something acl 3 like like ADP _ 5 ring case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 ring det 5 ring ring NOUN Number=Sing 2 shaped obl 6 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 called aux 7 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 8 called aux:pass 8 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 shape det 10 donut donut NOUN Number=Sing 11 shape compound 11 shape shape NOUN Number=Sing 8 called xcomp 12 ( ( PUNCT _ 14 maths punct 13 in in ADP _ 14 maths case 14 maths math NOUN Number=Plur 11 shape appos 15 , , PUNCT _ 17 torus punct 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 torus det 17 torus torus NOUN Number=Sing 14 maths conj 18 ) ) PUNCT _ 14 maths punct 19 . . PUNCT _ 8 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shape participle like a ring vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 2 call can · passive Something vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Meaning 3 Usage: informal, mainly US — kept apart, not parsed.
Doing donuts means driving a car round and round in tight circles, leaving round skid marks.
The tree, 16 words csubj obj xcomp det obj advmod cc conj case amod obl punct conj amod compound obj punct root Doing VERB donuts NOUN means VERB driving VERB a DET car NOUN round ADV and CCONJ round ADV in ADP tight ADJ circles NOUN , PUNCT leaving VERB round ADJ skid NOUN marks NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Doing do VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 means csubj 2 donuts donut NOUN Number=Plur 1 Doing obj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 driving drive VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 means xcomp 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 car det 6 car car NOUN Number=Sing 4 driving obj 7 round round ADV _ 4 driving advmod 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 round cc 9 round round ADV _ 7 round conj 10 in in ADP _ 12 circles case 11 tight tight ADJ Degree=Pos 12 circles amod 12 circles circle NOUN Number=Plur 4 driving obl 13 , , PUNCT _ 14 leaving punct 14 leaving leave VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 driving conj 15 round round ADJ Degree=Pos 17 marks amod 16 skid skid NOUN Number=Sing 17 marks compound 17 marks mark NOUN Number=Plur 14 leaving obj 18 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do gerund donuts vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent donut=Eventuality 2 mean present Doing vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 drive not said to happen gerund Doing not said here a car tight circles round property vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent car=Theme in circle=Destination 4 leave gerund Doing not said here round skid marks vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mark=Theme
Example 1 I'd like a chocolate donut with sprinkles, please.
nsubj aux det compound obj case nmod punct discourse punct root I PRON 'd AUX like VERB a DET chocolate NOUN donut NOUN with ADP sprinkles NOUN , PUNCT please INTJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 like nsubj 2 'd would AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 like aux 3 like like VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 donut det 5 chocolate chocolate NOUN Number=Sing 6 donut compound 6 donut donut NOUN Number=Sing 3 like obj 7 with with ADP _ 8 sprinkles case 8 sprinkles sprinkle NOUN Number=Plur 6 donut nmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 3 like punct 10 please please INTJ _ 3 like discourse 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 like punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 like would I a chocolate donut with sprinkles vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot donut=Theme
Example 2 A box holds 12 donuts.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root A DET box NOUN holds VERB 12 NUM donuts NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 box det 2 box box NOUN Number=Sing 3 holds nsubj 3 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 donuts nummod 5 donuts donut NOUN Number=Plur 3 holds obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 holds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold present a box 12 donuts vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent donut=Theme
Example 3 The jam donut squirted when I bit into it.
det compound nsubj advmod nsubj ccomp case obl punct root The DET jam NOUN donut NOUN squirted VERB when ADV I PRON bit VERB into ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 donut det 2 jam jam NOUN Number=Sing 3 donut compound 3 donut donut NOUN Number=Sing 4 squirted nsubj 4 squirted squirt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 when when ADV PronType=Int 7 bit advmod 6 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 bit nsubj 7 bit bite VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 squirted ccomp 8 into into ADP _ 9 it case 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 bit obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 squirted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 squirt past the jam donut tree rules 2 bite past I donut vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent into it=Result
Example 4 We shared 18 donuts among 6 friends, so each got 3.
nsubj nummod obj case nummod obl punct advmod nsubj parataxis obj punct root We PRON shared VERB 18 NUM donuts NOUN among ADP 6 NUM friends NOUN , PUNCT so ADV each DET got VERB 3 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 shared nsubj 2 shared share VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 18 18 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 donuts nummod 4 donuts donut NOUN Number=Plur 2 shared obj 5 among among ADP _ 7 friends case 6 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 friends nummod 7 friends friend NOUN Number=Plur 2 shared obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 got punct 9 so so ADV _ 11 got advmod 10 each each DET PronType=Tot 11 got nsubj 11 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 shared parataxis 12 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 11 got obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 shared punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 share past We 18 donuts among 6 friends tree rules 2 get past each 3 vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer 3=Stimulus
Example 5 A ring-shaped donut has a hole in the middle.
det compound punct amod nsubj det obj case det nmod punct root A DET ring NOUN - PUNCT shaped VERB donut NOUN has VERB a DET hole NOUN in ADP the DET middle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 donut det 2 ring ring NOUN Number=Sing 4 shaped compound 3 - - PUNCT _ 2 ring punct 4 shaped shape VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 donut amod 5 donut donut NOUN Number=Sing 6 has nsubj 6 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 hole det 8 hole hole NOUN Number=Sing 6 has obj 9 in in ADP _ 11 middle case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 middle det 11 middle middle NOUN Number=Sing 8 hole nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shape participle vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 2 have present a shaped donut a hole the middle vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hole=Patient
Example 6 Dad bought a dozen donuts for the class party.
nsubj det nummod obj case det compound obl punct root Dad NOUN bought VERB a DET dozen NUM donuts NOUN for ADP the DET class NOUN party NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 2 bought nsubj 2 bought buy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 dozen det 4 dozen dozen NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 donuts nummod 5 donuts donut NOUN Number=Plur 2 bought obj 6 for for ADP _ 9 party case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 party det 8 class class NOUN Number=Sing 9 party compound 9 party party NOUN Number=Sing 2 bought obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 bought punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 buy past Dad dozen donuts for the class party vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent donut=Theme for party=Beneficiary
Example 7 The cake was shaped like a giant donut.
det nsubj aux:pass case det amod obl punct root The DET cake NOUN was AUX shaped VERB like ADP a DET giant ADJ donut NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cake det 2 cake cake NOUN Number=Sing 4 shaped nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 shaped aux:pass 4 shaped shape VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 like like ADP _ 8 donut case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 donut det 7 giant giant ADJ Degree=Pos 8 donut amod 8 donut donut NOUN Number=Sing 4 shaped obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 shaped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shape past · passive the cake like a giant donut vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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