doubt Who acts: something, it, doubt, I, snow, she · What happens: not be, be, happen, feel, think, not trust · To what, where: someone, best singer, class, doubt, teacher, doubts · Speech: someone speaks here
«doubt» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: doubt in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.
A feeling of not being sure if something is true or will happen.
det case advmod cop parataxis mark nsubj cop ccomp cc aux conj punct root A DET feeling NOUN of ADP not PART being AUX sure ADJ if SCONJ something PRON is AUX true ADJ or CCONJ will AUX happen VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 feeling det 2 feeling feeling NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 of of ADP _ 6 sure case 4 not not PART Polarity=Neg 6 sure advmod 5 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 sure cop 6 sure sure ADJ Degree=Pos 2 feeling parataxis 7 if if SCONJ _ 10 true mark 8 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 true nsubj 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 true cop 10 true true ADJ Degree=Pos 6 sure ccomp 11 or or CCONJ _ 13 happen cc 12 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 13 happen aux 13 happen happen VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 true conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 feeling punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not is gerund sure property tree rules 2 is a condition, not said to happen present something true property tree rules 3 happen future something not said here vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.
To feel unsure that something is true, or to think it is probably not true.
The tree, 15 words mark xcomp mark nsubj cop advcl punct cc mark conj nsubj cop advmod advmod ccomp punct root To PART feel VERB unsure ADJ that SCONJ something PRON is AUX true ADJ , PUNCT or CCONJ to PART think VERB it PRON is AUX probably ADV not PART true ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 feel mark 2 feel feel VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 unsure unsure ADJ Degree=Pos 2 feel xcomp 4 that that SCONJ _ 7 true mark 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 true nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 true cop 7 true true ADJ Degree=Pos 3 unsure advcl 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 think punct 9 or or CCONJ _ 11 think cc 10 to to PART _ 11 think mark 11 think think VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 feel conj 12 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 true nsubj 13 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 true cop 14 probably probably ADV _ 16 true advmod 15 not not PART Polarity=Neg 16 true advmod 16 true true ADJ Degree=Pos 11 think ccomp 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 feel punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 feel to-infinitive unsure property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus 2 is present something true property tree rules 3 think speech: other to-infinitive vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 not is present it probably, true property tree rules
Meaning 3 Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.
Not to trust or believe someone.
advmod mark cc conj obj punct root Not PART to PART trust VERB or CCONJ believe VERB someone PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Not not PART Polarity=Neg 3 trust advmod 2 to to PART _ 3 trust mark 3 trust trust VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 believe cc 5 believe believe VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 trust conj 6 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 believe obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 trust punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not trust to-infinitive vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 believe infinitive someone vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer someone=Stimulus
Meaning 4 "No doubt" means probably or certainly.
punct det nsubj punct advmod cc conj punct root " PUNCT No DET doubt NOUN " PUNCT means VERB probably ADV or CCONJ certainly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 doubt punct 2 No no DET PronType=Neg 3 doubt det 3 doubt doubt NOUN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 4 " " PUNCT _ 3 doubt punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 probably probably ADV _ 5 means advmod 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 certainly cc 8 certainly certainly ADV _ 6 probably conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present no doubt probably property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Example 1 I doubt it will snow today — it's too warm.
nsubj nsubj aux ccomp obl:unmarked punct nsubj cop advmod conj punct root I PRON doubt VERB it PRON will AUX snow NOUN today NOUN — PUNCT it PRON 's AUX too ADV warm ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 doubt nsubj 2 doubt doubt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 snow nsubj 4 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 snow aux 5 snow snow NOUN Number=Sing 2 doubt ccomp 6 today today NOUN Number=Sing 2 doubt obl:unmarked 7 — - PUNCT _ 11 warm punct 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 warm nsubj 9 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 warm cop 10 too too ADV _ 11 warm advmod 11 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 2 doubt conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 doubt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 doubt present I today vn judgment-33.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 snow future it tree rules 3 is present snow warm property tree rules
Example 2 Without a doubt, she's the best singer in the class.
case det obl punct nsubj cop det amod case det nmod punct root Without ADP a DET doubt NOUN , PUNCT she PRON 's AUX the DET best ADJ singer NOUN in ADP the DET class NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Without without ADP _ 3 doubt case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 doubt det 3 doubt doubt NOUN Number=Sing 9 singer obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 doubt punct 5 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 singer nsubj 6 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 singer cop 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 singer det 8 best good ADJ Degree=Sup 9 singer amod 9 singer singer NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 in in ADP _ 12 class case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 class det 12 class class NOUN Number=Sing 9 singer nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 9 singer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present she the best singer the class without a doubt tree rules
Example 3 If you are in doubt, ask the teacher.
mark nsubj cop case obl punct det obj punct root If SCONJ you PRON are AUX in ADP doubt NOUN , PUNCT ask VERB the DET teacher NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 5 doubt mark 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 doubt nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 doubt cop 4 in in ADP _ 5 doubt case 5 doubt doubt NOUN Number=Sing 7 ask obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 doubt punct 7 ask ask VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 teacher det 9 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 7 ask obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 ask punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a condition, not said to happen present you doubt tree rules 2 ask speech: ask imperative you not said here the teacher vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent teacher=Recipient
Example 4 He had doubts about climbing so high.
nsubj obj mark advcl advmod xcomp punct root He PRON had VERB doubts NOUN about SCONJ climbing VERB so ADV high ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 doubts doubt NOUN Number=Plur 2 had obj 4 about about SCONJ _ 5 climbing mark 5 climbing climb VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 had advcl 6 so so ADV _ 7 high advmod 7 high high ADJ Degree=Pos 5 climbing xcomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past He doubts vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent doubt=Patient 2 climb gerund He not said here high property vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 Nobody doubted his story.
nsubj nmod:poss obj punct root Nobody PRON doubted VERB his PRON story NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Nobody nobody PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 2 doubted nsubj 2 doubted doubt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 story nmod:poss 4 story story NOUN Number=Sing 2 doubted obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 doubted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 doubt past Nobody his story vn judgment-33.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent story=Theme
Example 6 No doubt you're hungry after that long walk.
det nsubj nsubj cop case det amod obl punct root No DET doubt NOUN you PRON 're AUX hungry ADJ after ADP that DET long ADJ walk NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 No no DET PronType=Neg 2 doubt det 2 doubt doubt NOUN Number=Sing 5 hungry nsubj 3 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 hungry nsubj 4 're be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 hungry cop 5 hungry hungry ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 after after ADP _ 9 walk case 7 that that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 9 walk det 8 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 9 walk amod 9 walk walk NOUN Number=Sing 5 hungry obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 hungry punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present no doubt after that long walk hungry property tree rules
Example 7 When in doubt, check your answer with the inverse operation.
advmod case obl punct nmod:poss obj case det amod obl punct root When ADV in ADP doubt NOUN , PUNCT check VERB your PRON answer NOUN with ADP the DET inverse ADJ operation NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when ADV PronType=Int 5 check advmod 2 in in ADP _ 3 doubt case 3 doubt doubt NOUN Number=Sing 5 check obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 doubt punct 5 check check VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 6 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 answer nmod:poss 7 answer answer NOUN Number=Sing 5 check obj 8 with with ADP _ 11 operation case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 operation det 10 inverse inverse ADJ Degree=Pos 11 operation amod 11 operation operation NOUN Number=Sing 5 check obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 check punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 check imperative you not said here your answer doubt with the inverse operation vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent answer=Theme 2 answer your nom answer «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 8 I never doubted that you could do it.
nsubj advmod mark nsubj aux ccomp obj punct root I PRON never ADV doubted VERB that SCONJ you PRON could AUX do VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 doubted nsubj 2 never never ADV PronType=Neg 3 doubted advmod 3 doubted doubt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 that that SCONJ _ 7 do mark 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 do nsubj 6 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 do aux 7 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 doubted ccomp 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 do obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 doubted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not doubt past I vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 do could you it vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality
Example 9 No doubt he will soon come.
det nsubj aux advmod acl:relcl punct root No DET doubt NOUN he PRON will AUX soon ADV come VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 No no DET PronType=Neg 2 doubt det 2 doubt doubt NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 come nsubj 4 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 come aux 5 soon soon ADV Degree=Pos 6 come advmod 6 come come VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 doubt acl:relcl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 doubt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come future he no doubt not said here soon property vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location doubt=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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