drafting Who acts: Drafting, plan, air, We, that, Mum · What happens: write, improve, make, choose, call, ride · To what, where: first rough version, careful technical drawings, people, army, someone, stories · Speech: someone speaks here
«drafting» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: drafting in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Drafting is writing a first, rough version of a story, letter or plan that you will improve later.
The tree, 18 words nsubj aux det amod punct amod obj case det nmod punct appos cc conj nsubj nsubj aux acl:relcl advmod punct root Drafting NOUN is AUX writing VERB a DET first ADJ , PUNCT rough ADJ version NOUN of ADP a DET story NOUN , PUNCT letter NOUN or CCONJ plan NOUN that PRON you PRON will AUX improve VERB later ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Drafting drafting NOUN Number=Sing 3 writing nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 writing aux 3 writing write VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 version det 5 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 8 version amod 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 first punct 7 rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos 8 version amod 8 version version NOUN Number=Sing 3 writing obj 9 of of ADP _ 11 story case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 story det 11 story story NOUN Number=Sing 8 version nmod 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 letter punct 13 letter letter NOUN Number=Sing 11 story appos 14 or or CCONJ _ 15 plan cc 15 plan plan NOUN Number=Sing 13 letter conj 16 that that PRON PronType=Rel 19 improve nsubj 17 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 19 improve nsubj 18 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 19 improve aux 19 improve improve VERB VerbForm=Inf 15 plan acl:relcl 20 later late ADV Degree=Cmp 19 improve advmod 21 . . PUNCT _ 3 writing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write present · progressive Drafting a first rough version of a story vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent version=Theme 2 improve future plan late property vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Drafting is making careful technical drawings, such as plans for buildings or machines.
The tree, 13 words nsubj aux amod amod obj punct case fixed conj case nmod cc conj punct root Drafting NOUN is AUX making VERB careful ADJ technical ADJ drawings NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP plans NOUN for ADP buildings NOUN or CCONJ machines NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Drafting drafting NOUN Number=Sing 3 making nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 making aux 3 making make VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 careful careful ADJ Degree=Pos 6 drawings amod 5 technical technical ADJ Degree=Pos 6 drawings amod 6 drawings drawing NOUN Number=Plur 3 making obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 plans punct 8 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 10 plans case 9 as as ADP _ 8 such fixed 10 plans plan NOUN Number=Plur 6 drawings conj 11 for for ADP _ 12 buildings case 12 buildings building NOUN Number=Plur 10 plans nmod 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 machines cc 14 machines machine NOUN Number=Plur 12 buildings conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 3 making punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present · progressive Drafting careful technical drawings and plans for buildings or machines vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset drawing=Product
Meaning 3 Drafting is choosing people for a team or, in some countries, calling people into the army.
The tree, 16 words nsubj aux obj case det obl cc punct case det conj punct conj obj case det obl punct root Drafting NOUN is AUX choosing VERB people NOUN for ADP a DET team NOUN or CCONJ , PUNCT in ADP some DET countries NOUN , PUNCT calling VERB people NOUN into ADP the DET army NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Drafting drafting NOUN Number=Sing 3 choosing nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 choosing aux 3 choosing choose VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 people people NOUN Number=Plur 3 choosing obj 5 for for ADP _ 7 team case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 team det 7 team team NOUN Number=Sing 3 choosing obl 8 or or CCONJ _ 12 countries cc 9 , , PUNCT _ 8 or punct 10 in in ADP _ 12 countries case 11 some some DET PronType=Ind 12 countries det 12 countries country NOUN Number=Plur 7 team conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 14 calling punct 14 calling call VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 choosing conj 15 people people NOUN Number=Plur 14 calling obj 16 into into ADP _ 18 army case 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 army det 18 army army NOUN Number=Sing 14 calling obl 19 . . PUNCT _ 3 choosing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 choose present · progressive Drafting people for a team or some countries vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent people=Theme for team=Beneficiary 2 call gerund Drafting not said here people the army vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent people=Topic into army=Recipient
Meaning 4 Usage: sport — kept apart, not parsed.
Drafting is riding or running close behind someone so the air pushes against them, not you.
The tree, 16 words nsubj aux cc conj advmod case obl mark det nsubj advcl case obl punct advmod conj punct root Drafting NOUN is AUX riding VERB or CCONJ running VERB close ADV behind ADP someone PRON so SCONJ the DET air NOUN pushes VERB against ADP them PRON , PUNCT not PART you PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Drafting drafting NOUN Number=Sing 3 riding nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 riding aux 3 riding ride VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 running cc 5 running run VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 riding conj 6 close close ADV Degree=Pos 5 running advmod 7 behind behind ADP _ 8 someone case 8 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 running obl 9 so so SCONJ _ 12 pushes mark 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 air det 11 air air NOUN Number=Sing 12 pushes nsubj 12 pushes push VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 riding advcl 13 against against ADP _ 14 them case 14 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 pushes obl 15 , , PUNCT _ 17 you punct 16 not not PART Polarity=Neg 17 you advmod 17 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 12 pushes conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 3 riding punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ride present · progressive Drafting vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent 2 run gerund Drafting not said here someone close property vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme behind someone=Trajectory 3 push present the air against them = they vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent against they=Theme
Example 1 We are drafting our stories today and will edit them tomorrow.
nsubj aux nmod:poss obj obl:unmarked cc aux conj obj obl:unmarked punct root We PRON are AUX drafting VERB our PRON stories NOUN today NOUN and CCONJ will AUX edit VERB them PRON tomorrow NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 drafting nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 drafting aux 3 drafting draft VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 stories nmod:poss 5 stories story NOUN Number=Plur 3 drafting obj 6 today today NOUN Number=Sing 3 drafting obl:unmarked 7 and and CCONJ _ 9 edit cc 8 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 edit aux 9 edit edit VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 drafting conj 10 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 edit obj 11 tomorrow tomorrow NOUN Number=Sing 9 edit obl:unmarked 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 drafting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 draft present · progressive We our stories today vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent story=Result 2 edit future We not said here stories = story tomorrow tree rules
Example 2 Drafting is messy, and that is fine.
nsubj cop punct cc nsubj cop conj punct root Drafting NOUN is AUX messy ADJ , PUNCT and CCONJ that PRON is AUX fine ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Drafting drafting NOUN Number=Sing 3 messy nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 messy cop 3 messy messy ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 8 fine punct 5 and and CCONJ _ 8 fine cc 6 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 8 fine nsubj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 fine cop 8 fine fine ADJ Degree=Pos 3 messy conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 messy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Drafting messy property tree rules 2 is present that fine property tree rules
Example 3 Mum is drafting an email to the school.
nsubj aux det obj case det obl punct root Mum NOUN is AUX drafting VERB an DET email NOUN to ADP the DET school NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 3 drafting nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 drafting aux 3 drafting draft VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 email det 5 email email NOUN Number=Sing 3 drafting obj 6 to to ADP _ 8 school case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 school det 8 school school NOUN Number=Sing 3 drafting obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 drafting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 draft present · progressive Mum a email to the school vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent email=Result
Example 4 The architect spent weeks drafting the plans.
det nsubj obj advcl det obj punct root The DET architect NOUN spent VERB weeks NOUN drafting VERB the DET plans NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 architect det 2 architect architect NOUN Number=Sing 3 spent nsubj 3 spent spend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 weeks week NOUN Number=Plur 3 spent obj 5 drafting draft VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 spent advcl 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 plans det 7 plans plan NOUN Number=Plur 5 drafting obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 spent punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spend past the architect week vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 draft gerund the architect not said here the plans vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plan=Result
Example 5 The coach is drafting in two new players.
det nsubj aux case nummod amod obl punct root The DET coach NOUN is AUX drafting VERB in ADP two NUM new ADJ players NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 coach det 2 coach coach NOUN Number=Sing 4 drafting nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 drafting aux 4 drafting draft VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 in in ADP _ 8 players case 6 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 players nummod 7 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 8 players amod 8 players player NOUN Number=Plur 4 drafting obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 drafting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 draft present · progressive the coach two new players vn create-26.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 The cyclists saved energy by drafting behind each other.
det nsubj obj mark advcl case obl fixed punct root The DET cyclists NOUN saved VERB energy NOUN by SCONJ drafting VERB behind ADP each DET other ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cyclists det 2 cyclists cyclist NOUN Number=Plur 3 saved nsubj 3 saved save VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 energy energy NOUN Number=Sing 3 saved obj 5 by by SCONJ _ 6 drafting mark 6 drafting draft VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 saved advcl 7 behind behind ADP _ 8 each case 8 each each DET ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp 6 drafting obl 9 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 8 each fixed 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 saved punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 save past the cyclists energy vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Theme 2 draft gerund the cyclists not said here each vn create-26.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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