dreary Who acts: Dreary, you, dreary job, It, dreary grey sky, spellings · What happens: mean, make, feel, be, have, copy out · To what, where: nothing, everyone, house
«dreary» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: dreary in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Dreary means dull, grey and making you feel sad or bored, like a wet, cloudy day.
The tree, 16 words nsubj xcomp punct conj cc conj nsubj xcomp xcomp cc conj punct case det amod punct amod obl:unmarked punct root Dreary ADJ means VERB dull ADJ , PUNCT grey ADJ and CCONJ making VERB you PRON feel VERB sad ADJ or CCONJ bored ADJ , PUNCT like ADP a DET wet ADJ , PUNCT cloudy ADJ day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dreary dreary ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 dull dull ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means xcomp 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 grey punct 5 grey grey ADJ Degree=Pos 3 dull conj 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 making cc 7 making make VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 grey conj 8 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 9 feel nsubj 9 feel feel VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 making xcomp 10 sad sad ADJ Degree=Pos 9 feel xcomp 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 bored cc 12 bored bored ADJ Degree=Pos 10 sad conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 19 day punct 14 like like ADP _ 19 day case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 day det 16 wet wet ADJ Degree=Pos 19 day amod 17 , , PUNCT _ 16 wet punct 18 cloudy cloudy ADJ Degree=Pos 19 day amod 19 day day NOUN Number=Sing 9 feel obl:unmarked 20 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Dreary dull property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 make gerund Dreary not said here tree rules 3 feel infinitive you day sad property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A dreary job, book or talk is boring and has nothing exciting in it.
The tree, 14 words det amod nsubj punct conj cc conj cop cc conj obj amod case obl punct root A DET dreary ADJ job NOUN , PUNCT book NOUN or CCONJ talk NOUN is AUX boring ADJ and CCONJ has VERB nothing PRON exciting ADJ in ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 job det 2 dreary dreary ADJ Degree=Pos 3 job amod 3 job job NOUN Number=Sing 9 boring nsubj 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 book punct 5 book book NOUN Number=Sing 3 job conj 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 talk cc 7 talk talk NOUN Number=Sing 3 job conj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 boring cop 9 boring boring ADJ Degree=Pos root root 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 has cc 11 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 boring conj 12 nothing nothing PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 11 has obj 13 exciting exciting ADJ Degree=Pos 12 nothing amod 14 in in ADP _ 15 it case 15 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 exciting obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 9 boring punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a dreary job and book or talk boring property tree rules 2 have present a dreary job and book or talk not said here nothing vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Patient
Example 1 It was a dreary, drizzly Monday morning.
nsubj cop det punct amod compound obl punct root It PRON was AUX a DET dreary ADJ , PUNCT drizzly ADJ Monday PROPN morning NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 dreary nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 dreary cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 dreary det 4 dreary dreary ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 morning punct 6 drizzly drizzly ADJ Degree=Pos 8 morning amod 7 Monday Monday PROPN Number=Sing 8 morning compound 8 morning morning NOUN Number=Sing 4 dreary obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 dreary punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past It morning dreary property tree rules
Example 2 The dreary grey sky made everyone sleepy.
det amod amod nsubj obj xcomp punct root The DET dreary ADJ grey ADJ sky NOUN made VERB everyone PRON sleepy ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 sky det 2 dreary dreary ADJ Degree=Pos 4 sky amod 3 grey grey ADJ Degree=Pos 4 sky amod 4 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 5 made nsubj 5 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 5 made obj 7 sleepy sleepy ADJ Degree=Pos 5 made xcomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past the dreary grey sky everyone sleepy property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset everyone=Product
Example 3 Copying out spellings felt like a dreary job.
csubj compound:prt nsubj case det amod obl punct root Copying VERB out ADP spellings NOUN felt VERB like ADP a DET dreary ADJ job NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Copying copy VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 felt csubj 2 out out ADP _ 1 Copying compound:prt 3 spellings spelling NOUN Number=Plur 4 felt nsubj 4 felt feel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 like like ADP _ 8 job case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 job det 7 dreary dreary ADJ Degree=Pos 8 job amod 8 job job NOUN Number=Sing 4 felt obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 felt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 copy out gerund vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 feel past spellings like a dreary job vn conjecture-29.5-2 «NP V S»: agent=Agent like job=Theme
Example 4 The house looked dreary until we painted it yellow.
det nsubj xcomp mark nsubj advcl obj xcomp punct root The DET house NOUN looked VERB dreary ADJ until SCONJ we PRON painted VERB it PRON yellow ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 house det 2 house house NOUN Number=Sing 3 looked nsubj 3 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 dreary dreary ADJ Degree=Pos 3 looked xcomp 5 until until SCONJ _ 7 painted mark 6 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 painted nsubj 7 painted paint VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 looked advcl 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 painted obj 9 yellow yellow ADJ Degree=Pos 7 painted xcomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 looked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look past the house dreary property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus 2 paint past we house yellow property vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Destination
Example 5 The speech was long and dreary.
det nsubj cop cc conj punct root The DET speech NOUN was AUX long ADJ and CCONJ dreary ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 speech det 2 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 4 long nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 long cop 4 long long ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 dreary cc 6 dreary dreary ADJ Degree=Pos 4 long conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 long punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the speech long property tree rules 2 be the speech not said here tree rules
Example 6 We cheered up a dreary afternoon with a board game.
nsubj compound:prt det amod obl:unmarked case det compound nmod punct root We PRON cheered VERB up ADP a DET dreary ADJ afternoon NOUN with ADP a DET board NOUN game NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 cheered nsubj 2 cheered cheer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 up up ADP _ 2 cheered compound:prt 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 afternoon det 5 dreary dreary ADJ Degree=Pos 6 afternoon amod 6 afternoon afternoon NOUN Number=Sing 2 cheered obl:unmarked 7 with with ADP _ 10 game case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 game det 9 board board NOUN Number=Sing 10 game compound 10 game game NOUN Number=Sing 6 afternoon nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 cheered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cheer up past We afternoon vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 7 Oh, indeed those long winter days were very dreary.
discourse punct advmod det amod compound nsubj cop advmod punct root Oh INTJ , PUNCT indeed ADV those DET long ADJ winter NOUN days NOUN were AUX very ADV dreary ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Oh oh INTJ _ 10 dreary discourse 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Oh punct 3 indeed indeed ADV _ 10 dreary advmod 4 those that DET Number=Plur PronType=Dem 7 days det 5 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 7 days amod 6 winter winter NOUN Number=Sing 7 days compound 7 days day NOUN Number=Plur 10 dreary nsubj 8 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 dreary cop 9 very very ADV _ 10 dreary advmod 10 dreary dreary ADJ Degree=Pos root root 11 . . PUNCT _ 10 dreary punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past that long winter days dreary, indeed property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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