drum Who acts: drum, eardrum, brother, skin, Rain, She · What happens: be, make, stretch, play, hit, shape · To what, where: musical instrument, skin, drum, large container, fingers, something · Speech: someone speaks here
«drum» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: drum in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A drum is a musical instrument made of a hollow body with skin or plastic stretched over it, played by hitting it with sticks or hands.
The tree, 26 words det nsubj cop det amod acl case det amod obl case nmod cc conj acl case obl punct parataxis mark advcl obj case obl cc conj punct root A DET drum NOUN is AUX a DET musical ADJ instrument NOUN made VERB of ADP a DET hollow ADJ body NOUN with ADP skin NOUN or CCONJ plastic NOUN stretched VERB over ADP it PRON , PUNCT played VERB by SCONJ hitting VERB it PRON with ADP sticks NOUN or CCONJ hands NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 drum det 2 drum drum NOUN Number=Sing 6 instrument nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 instrument cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 instrument det 5 musical musical ADJ Degree=Pos 6 instrument amod 6 instrument instrument NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 instrument acl 8 of of ADP _ 11 body case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 body det 10 hollow hollow ADJ Degree=Pos 11 body amod 11 body body NOUN Number=Sing 7 made obl 12 with with ADP _ 13 skin case 13 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 11 body nmod 14 or or CCONJ _ 15 plastic cc 15 plastic plastic NOUN Number=Sing 13 skin conj 16 stretched stretch VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 13 skin acl 17 over over ADP _ 18 it case 18 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 stretched obl 19 , , PUNCT _ 20 played punct 20 played play VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 instrument parataxis 21 by by SCONJ _ 22 hitting mark 22 hitting hit VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 20 played advcl 23 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 22 hitting obj 24 with with ADP _ 25 sticks case 25 sticks stick NOUN Number=Plur 22 hitting obl 26 or or CCONJ _ 27 hands cc 27 hands hand NOUN Number=Plur 25 sticks conj 28 . . PUNCT _ 6 instrument punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a drum a musical instrument tree rules 2 make participle a musical instrument not said here of a hollow body with skin or plastic vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 3 stretch participle skin or plastic not said here drum vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over it=Location 4 play participle vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 hit gerund drum with sticks or hands vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent it=Patient with stick=Instrument
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A drum is a large container shaped like a cylinder, for liquids: an oil drum.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj cop det amod acl case det obl punct case obl punct det compound conj punct root A DET drum NOUN is AUX a DET large ADJ container NOUN shaped VERB like ADP a DET cylinder NOUN , PUNCT for ADP liquids NOUN : PUNCT an DET oil NOUN drum NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 drum det 2 drum drum NOUN Number=Sing 6 container nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 container cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 container det 5 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 6 container amod 6 container container NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 shaped shape VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 container acl 8 like like ADP _ 10 cylinder case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 cylinder det 10 cylinder cylinder NOUN Number=Sing 7 shaped obl 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 liquids punct 12 for for ADP _ 13 liquids case 13 liquids liquid NOUN Number=Plur 7 shaped obl 14 : : PUNCT _ 17 drum punct 15 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 drum det 16 oil oil NOUN Number=Sing 17 drum compound 17 drum drum NOUN Number=Sing 6 container conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 6 container punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a drum a large container and a oil drum tree rules 2 shape participle a large container and a oil drum not said here like a cylinder; for liquids vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent for liquid=Asset
Meaning 3 To drum means to play a drum, or to tap again and again: drum your fingers.
The tree, 16 words mark csubj mark ccomp det obj punct cc mark conj advmod cc conj punct conj nmod:poss obj punct root To PART drum VERB means VERB to PART play VERB a DET drum NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ to PART tap VERB again ADV and CCONJ again ADV : PUNCT drum VERB your PRON fingers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 drum mark 2 drum drum VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means csubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 play mark 5 play play VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means ccomp 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 drum det 7 drum drum NOUN Number=Sing 5 play obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 tap punct 9 or or CCONJ _ 11 tap cc 10 to to PART _ 11 tap mark 11 tap tap VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 play conj 12 again again ADV _ 11 tap advmod 13 and and CCONJ _ 14 again cc 14 again again ADV _ 12 again conj 15 : : PUNCT _ 16 drum punct 16 drum drum VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 play conj 17 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 18 fingers nmod:poss 18 fingers finger NOUN Number=Plur 16 drum obj 19 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drum to-infinitive vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 play not said to happen to-infinitive a drum vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent drum=Theme 4 tap to-infinitive again vn investigate-35.4 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent 5 drum infinitive your fingers vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent finger=Patient
Meaning 4 To drum something into someone means to teach it by repeating it many times.
The tree, 14 words mark csubj obj case obl mark xcomp obj mark advcl obj amod obl:unmarked punct root To PART drum VERB something PRON into ADP someone PRON means VERB to PART teach VERB it PRON by SCONJ repeating VERB it PRON many ADJ times NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 drum mark 2 drum drum VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 means csubj 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 drum obj 4 into into ADP _ 5 someone case 5 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 drum obl 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 to to PART _ 8 teach mark 8 teach teach VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 means xcomp 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 teach obj 10 by by SCONJ _ 11 repeating mark 11 repeating repeat VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 teach advcl 12 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 repeating obj 13 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 14 times amod 14 times time NOUN Number=Plur 11 repeating obl:unmarked 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drum to-infinitive something into someone result vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent something=Patient into someone=Result 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 teach speech: other not said to happen to-infinitive it vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Recipient 4 repeat gerund it time vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality
Meaning 5 The eardrum is the thin skin inside your ear.
det nsubj cop det amod case nmod:poss nmod punct root The DET eardrum NOUN is AUX the DET thin ADJ skin NOUN inside ADP your PRON ear NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 eardrum det 2 eardrum eardrum NOUN Number=Sing 6 skin nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 skin cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 skin det 5 thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos 6 skin amod 6 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 inside inside ADP _ 9 ear case 8 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 ear nmod:poss 9 ear ear NOUN Number=Sing 6 skin nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 skin punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the eardrum the thin skin your ear tree rules
Example 1 My brother plays the drums in a band.
nmod:poss nsubj det obj case det obl punct root My PRON brother NOUN plays VERB the DET drums NOUN in ADP a DET band NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 brother nmod:poss 2 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 3 plays nsubj 3 plays play VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 drums det 5 drums drum NOUN Number=Plur 3 plays obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 band case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 band det 8 band band NOUN Number=Sing 3 plays obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 plays punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 play present My brother the drums a band vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent drum=Theme
Example 2 The drum makes a sound when its skin vibrates.
det nsubj det obj mark nmod:poss nsubj advcl punct root The DET drum NOUN makes VERB a DET sound NOUN when SCONJ its PRON skin NOUN vibrates VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 drum det 2 drum drum NOUN Number=Sing 3 makes nsubj 3 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 sound det 5 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 3 makes obj 6 when when SCONJ _ 9 vibrates mark 7 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 skin nmod:poss 8 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 9 vibrates nsubj 9 vibrates vibrate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 makes advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 makes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present the drum a sound vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material sound=Product 2 vibrate present drum's skin vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 3 Rain was drumming on the tin roof.
nsubj aux case det compound obl punct root Rain NOUN was AUX drumming VERB on ADP the DET tin NOUN roof NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 3 drumming nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 drumming aux 3 drumming drum VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 on on ADP _ 7 roof case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 roof det 6 tin tin NOUN Number=Sing 7 roof compound 7 roof roof NOUN Number=Sing 3 drumming obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 drumming punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drum past · progressive Rain on the tin roof vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent on roof=Patient
Example 4 She drummed her fingers on the desk.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root She PRON drummed VERB her PRON fingers NOUN on ADP the DET desk NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 drummed nsubj 2 drummed drum VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 fingers nmod:poss 4 fingers finger NOUN Number=Plur 2 drummed obj 5 on on ADP _ 7 desk case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 desk det 7 desk desk NOUN Number=Sing 2 drummed obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 drummed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drum past She her fingers on the desk vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent finger=Instrument on desk=Patient
Example 5 The road-safety rules were drummed into us.
det compound punct compound nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl punct root The DET road NOUN - PUNCT safety NOUN rules NOUN were AUX drummed VERB into ADP us PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 rules det 2 road road NOUN Number=Sing 4 safety compound 3 - - PUNCT _ 2 road punct 4 safety safety NOUN Number=Sing 5 rules compound 5 rules rule NOUN Number=Plur 7 drummed nsubj:pass 6 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 drummed aux:pass 7 drummed drum VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 into into ADP _ 9 us case 9 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 drummed obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 drummed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drum past · passive the safety rules into us result vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: subject=Patient into we=Result
Example 6 Very loud noise can damage your eardrums.
advmod amod nsubj aux nmod:poss obj punct root Very ADV loud ADJ noise NOUN can AUX damage VERB your PRON eardrums NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Very very ADV _ 2 loud advmod 2 loud loud ADJ Degree=Pos 3 noise amod 3 noise noise NOUN Number=Sing 5 damage nsubj 4 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 damage aux 5 damage damage VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 eardrums nmod:poss 7 eardrums eardrum NOUN Number=Plur 5 damage obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 damage punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 damage can loud noise your eardrums vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eardrum=Patient
Example 7 There was a drumroll before the winner was announced.
expl det nsubj mark det nsubj:pass aux:pass advcl punct root There PRON was VERB a DET drumroll NOUN before SCONJ the DET winner NOUN was AUX announced VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 was expl 2 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 drumroll det 4 drumroll drumroll NOUN Number=Sing 2 was nsubj 5 before before SCONJ _ 9 announced mark 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 winner det 7 winner winner NOUN Number=Sing 9 announced nsubj:pass 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 announced aux:pass 9 announced announce VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 was advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 was punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past a drumroll there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 announce speech: other past · passive the winner vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 8 The Beetle smote upon the drum.
det nsubj case det obl punct root The DET Beetle PROPN smote VERB upon ADP the DET drum NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Beetle det 2 Beetle Beetle PROPN Number=Sing 3 smote nsubj 3 smote smite VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 upon upon ADP _ 6 drum case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 drum det 6 drum drum NOUN Number=Sing 3 smote obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 smote punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 smite past the Beetle upon the drum vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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