dwarfism Who acts: condition, island dwarfism, animals, Dwarfism, medical condition, person · What happens: grow, be, become, affect, live, make · To what, where: biology, medical condition, full lives, ancient elephants, kind, dwarfism · Speech: someone speaks here
«dwarfism» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: dwarfism in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: medicine — kept apart, not parsed.
A condition in which a person or animal grows much shorter than usual, often because of their genes.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj case obl det nmod cc conj advmod xcomp case obl punct advmod case fixed nmod:poss obl punct root A DET condition NOUN in ADP which PRON a DET person NOUN or CCONJ animal NOUN grows VERB much ADV shorter ADJ than ADP usual ADJ , PUNCT often ADV because ADP of ADP their PRON genes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 condition det 2 condition condition NOUN Number=Sing 9 grows nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 4 which case 4 which which PRON PronType=Rel 6 person obl 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 person det 6 person person NOUN Number=Sing 2 condition nmod 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 animal cc 8 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing 6 person conj 9 grows grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 much much ADV _ 11 shorter advmod 11 shorter short ADJ Degree=Cmp 9 grows xcomp 12 than than ADP _ 13 usual case 13 usual usual ADJ Degree=Pos 11 shorter obl 14 , , PUNCT _ 19 genes punct 15 often often ADV _ 19 genes advmod 16 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 19 genes case 17 of of ADP _ 16 because fixed 18 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 19 genes nmod:poss 19 genes gene NOUN Number=Plur 9 grows obl 20 . . PUNCT _ 9 grows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present a condition a person or animal because person's genes; short property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.
In biology, «island dwarfism» is when animals on islands become small over many generations.
The tree, 14 words case obl punct punct compound nsubj punct mark nsubj case nmod advcl xcomp case amod obl punct root In ADP biology NOUN , PUNCT « PUNCT island NOUN dwarfism NOUN » PUNCT is VERB when SCONJ animals NOUN on ADP islands NOUN become VERB small ADJ over ADP many ADJ generations NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 biology case 2 biology biology NOUN Number=Sing 8 is obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 biology punct 4 « « PUNCT _ 6 dwarfism punct 5 island island NOUN Number=Sing 6 dwarfism compound 6 dwarfism dwarfism NOUN Number=Sing 8 is nsubj 7 » » PUNCT _ 6 dwarfism punct 8 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 when when SCONJ _ 13 become mark 10 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 13 become nsubj 11 on on ADP _ 12 islands case 12 islands island NOUN Number=Plur 10 animals nmod 13 become become VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 is advcl 14 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 13 become xcomp 15 over over ADP _ 17 generations case 16 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 17 generations amod 17 generations generation NOUN Number=Plur 14 small obl 18 . . PUNCT _ 8 is punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be present island dwarfism biology vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in biology=Location 2 become present animals on islands small property vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
Example 1 Dwarfism is a medical condition that affects how tall a person grows.
nsubj cop det amod nsubj acl:relcl advmod xcomp det nsubj advcl punct root Dwarfism NOUN is AUX a DET medical ADJ condition NOUN that PRON affects VERB how ADV tall ADJ a DET person NOUN grows VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dwarfism dwarfism NOUN Number=Sing 5 condition nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 condition cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 condition det 4 medical medical ADJ Degree=Pos 5 condition amod 5 condition condition NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 affects nsubj 7 affects affect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 condition acl:relcl 8 how how ADV PronType=Int 9 tall advmod 9 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos 7 affects xcomp 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 person det 11 person person NOUN Number=Sing 12 grows nsubj 12 grows grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 tall advcl 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 condition punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Dwarfism a medical condition tree rules 2 affect present a medical condition tall property vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 3 grow present a person vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 People with dwarfism live full lives as actors, doctors, teachers and athletes.
The tree, 12 words nsubj case nmod amod obj case obl punct conj punct conj cc conj punct root People NOUN with ADP dwarfism NOUN live VERB full ADJ lives NOUN as ADP actors NOUN , PUNCT doctors NOUN , PUNCT teachers NOUN and CCONJ athletes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 People people NOUN Number=Plur 4 live nsubj 2 with with ADP _ 3 dwarfism case 3 dwarfism dwarfism NOUN Number=Sing 1 People nmod 4 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 full full ADJ Degree=Pos 6 lives amod 6 lives life NOUN Number=Plur 4 live obj 7 as as ADP _ 8 actors case 8 actors actor NOUN Number=Plur 4 live obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 doctors punct 10 doctors doctor NOUN Number=Plur 8 actors conj 11 , , PUNCT _ 12 teachers punct 12 teachers teacher NOUN Number=Plur 8 actors conj 13 and and CCONJ _ 14 athletes cc 14 athletes athlete NOUN Number=Plur 8 actors conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 live punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live present People with dwarfism full lives as actors and doctors and teachers and athletes vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme life=Location
Example 3 Island dwarfism made some ancient elephants as small as ponies.
compound nsubj det amod obj advmod amod case obl punct root Island PROPN dwarfism NOUN made VERB some DET ancient ADJ elephants NOUN as ADV small ADJ as ADP ponies NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Island Island PROPN Number=Sing 2 dwarfism compound 2 dwarfism dwarfism NOUN Number=Sing 3 made nsubj 3 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 some some DET PronType=Ind 6 elephants det 5 ancient ancient ADJ Degree=Pos 6 elephants amod 6 elephants elephant NOUN Number=Plur 3 made obj 7 as as ADV _ 8 small advmod 8 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 6 elephants amod 9 as as ADP _ 10 ponies case 10 ponies pony NOUN Number=Plur 8 small obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past Island dwarfism some ancient elephants vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset elephant=Product
Example 4 Some breeds of dog have a kind of dwarfism.
det nsubj case nmod det obj case nmod punct root Some DET breeds NOUN of ADP dog NOUN have VERB a DET kind NOUN of ADP dwarfism NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 breeds det 2 breeds breed NOUN Number=Plur 5 have nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 dog case 4 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 2 breeds nmod 5 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 kind det 7 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing 5 have obj 8 of of ADP _ 9 dwarfism case 9 dwarfism dwarfism NOUN Number=Sing 7 kind nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present some breeds of dog a kind of dwarfism vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kind=Patient
Example 5 Our class learned that dwarfism is often caused by genes.
nmod:poss nsubj mark nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod ccomp case obl punct root Our PRON class NOUN learned VERB that SCONJ dwarfism NOUN is AUX often ADV caused VERB by ADP genes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 class nmod:poss 2 class class NOUN Number=Sing 3 learned nsubj 3 learned learn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 that that SCONJ _ 8 caused mark 5 dwarfism dwarfism NOUN Number=Sing 8 caused nsubj:pass 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 caused aux:pass 7 often often ADV _ 8 caused advmod 8 caused cause VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 learned ccomp 9 by by ADP _ 10 genes case 10 genes gene NOUN Number=Plur 8 caused obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 learned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 learn past Our class vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 cause present · passive genes dwarfism often property vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient
Example 6 It is unkind to make jokes about someone's height.
nsubj cop mark advcl obj case nmod:poss case nmod punct root It PRON is AUX unkind ADJ to PART make VERB jokes NOUN about ADP someone PRON 's PART height NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 unkind nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 unkind cop 3 unkind unkind ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 to to PART _ 5 make mark 5 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 unkind advcl 6 jokes joke NOUN Number=Plur 5 make obj 7 about about ADP _ 10 height case 8 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 height nmod:poss 9 's 's PART _ 8 someone case 10 height height NOUN Number=Sing 6 jokes nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 unkind punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present It unkind property tree rules 2 make to-infinitive jokes about someone's height vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset joke=Product
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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