elephant Who acts: elephant, everyone, nobody, African elephants, Baby elephants, window · What happens: be, live, know about, talk about, spray, have · To what, where: large grey animal, Africa, big problem, water, bigger ears, plants
«elephant» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: elephant in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 An elephant is a very large grey animal with a long trunk, big ears and usually tusks; it lives in Africa and Asia.
The tree, 23 words det nsubj cop det advmod amod amod case det amod nmod punct amod conj cc advmod conj punct nsubj conj case obl cc conj punct root An DET elephant NOUN is AUX a DET very ADV large ADJ grey ADJ animal NOUN with ADP a DET long ADJ trunk NOUN , PUNCT big ADJ ears NOUN and CCONJ usually ADV tusks NOUN ; PUNCT it PRON lives VERB in ADP Africa PROPN and CCONJ Asia PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 elephant det 2 elephant elephant NOUN Number=Sing 8 animal nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 animal cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 animal det 5 very very ADV _ 6 large advmod 6 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 8 animal amod 7 grey grey ADJ Degree=Pos 8 animal amod 8 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 with with ADP _ 12 trunk case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 trunk det 11 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 12 trunk amod 12 trunk trunk NOUN Number=Sing 8 animal nmod 13 , , PUNCT _ 15 ears punct 14 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 15 ears amod 15 ears ear NOUN Number=Plur 12 trunk conj 16 and and CCONJ _ 18 tusks cc 17 usually usually ADV _ 18 tusks advmod 18 tusks tusk NOUN Number=Plur 15 ears conj 19 ; ; PUNCT _ 21 lives punct 20 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 21 lives nsubj 21 lives live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 animal conj 22 in in ADP _ 23 Africa case 23 Africa Africa PROPN Number=Sing 21 lives obl 24 and and CCONJ _ 25 Asia cc 25 Asia Asia PROPN Number=Sing 23 Africa conj 26 . . PUNCT _ 8 animal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a elephant a large grey animal with a long trunk and big ears and tusks tree rules 2 live present elephant Africa and Asia vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in africa=Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 «The elephant in the room» is a big problem everyone knows about but nobody talks about.
The tree, 16 words punct det nsubj case det nmod punct cop det amod nsubj acl:relcl advmod cc nsubj conj advmod punct root « PUNCT The DET elephant NOUN in ADP the DET room NOUN » PUNCT is AUX a DET big ADJ problem NOUN everyone PRON knows VERB about ADV but CCONJ nobody PRON talks VERB about ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 elephant punct 2 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 elephant det 3 elephant elephant NOUN Number=Sing 11 problem nsubj 4 in in ADP _ 6 room case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 room det 6 room room NOUN Number=Sing 3 elephant nmod 7 » » PUNCT _ 3 elephant punct 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 problem cop 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 problem det 10 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 11 problem amod 11 problem problem NOUN Number=Sing root root 12 everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 13 knows nsubj 13 knows know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 problem acl:relcl 14 about about ADV _ 13 knows advmod 15 but but CCONJ _ 17 talks cc 16 nobody nobody PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 17 talks nsubj 17 talks talk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 knows conj 18 about about ADV _ 17 talks advmod 19 . . PUNCT _ 11 problem punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the elephant in the room a big problem tree rules 2 know about present everyone a big problem not said here about property vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer problem=Stimulus 3 talk about present nobody about property vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 The elephant sprayed water with its trunk.
det nsubj obj case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET elephant NOUN sprayed VERB water NOUN with ADP its PRON trunk NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 elephant det 2 elephant elephant NOUN Number=Sing 3 sprayed nsubj 3 sprayed spray VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 water water NOUN Number=Sing 3 sprayed obj 5 with with ADP _ 7 trunk case 6 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 trunk nmod:poss 7 trunk trunk NOUN Number=Sing 3 sprayed obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 sprayed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spray past the elephant water with elephant's trunk vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent water=Destination with trunk=Theme
Example 2 African elephants have bigger ears than Asian elephants.
amod nsubj amod obj case amod nmod punct root African ADJ elephants NOUN have VERB bigger ADJ ears NOUN than ADP Asian ADJ elephants NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 African African ADJ Degree=Pos 2 elephants amod 2 elephants elephant NOUN Number=Plur 3 have nsubj 3 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 bigger big ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 ears amod 5 ears ear NOUN Number=Plur 3 have obj 6 than than ADP _ 8 elephants case 7 Asian Asian ADJ Degree=Pos 8 elephants amod 8 elephants elephant NOUN Number=Plur 5 ears nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present African elephants bigger ears than Asian elephants vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ear=Patient
Example 3 An elephant eats plants all day.
det nsubj obj det obl:unmarked punct root An DET elephant NOUN eats VERB plants NOUN all DET day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 elephant det 2 elephant elephant NOUN Number=Sing 3 eats nsubj 3 eats eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 3 eats obj 5 all all DET PronType=Tot 6 day det 6 day day NOUN Number=Sing 3 eats obl:unmarked 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 eats punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat present a elephant plants day vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Patient
Example 4 Baby elephants stay close to their mothers.
compound nsubj xcomp case nmod:poss obl punct root Baby NOUN elephants NOUN stay VERB close ADJ to ADP their PRON mothers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 2 elephants compound 2 elephants elephant NOUN Number=Plur 3 stay nsubj 3 stay stay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 close close ADJ Degree=Pos 3 stay xcomp 5 to to ADP _ 7 mothers case 6 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 mothers nmod:poss 7 mothers mother NOUN Number=Plur 4 close obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 stay punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stay present Baby elephants close property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 The elephant weighs as much as five cars.
det nsubj advmod obj case nummod obl punct root The DET elephant NOUN weighs VERB as ADV much ADJ as ADP five NUM cars NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 elephant det 2 elephant elephant NOUN Number=Sing 3 weighs nsubj 3 weighs weigh VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 as as ADV _ 5 much advmod 5 much much ADJ Degree=Pos 3 weighs obj 6 as as ADP _ 8 cars case 7 five five NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 cars nummod 8 cars car NOUN Number=Plur 5 much obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 weighs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 weigh present the elephant much vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme much=Value
Example 6 Nobody mentioned the broken window — it was the elephant in the room.
nsubj det amod obj punct nsubj cop det obl case det nmod punct root Nobody PRON mentioned VERB the DET broken VERB window NOUN — PUNCT it PRON was AUX the DET elephant NOUN in ADP the DET room NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Nobody nobody PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 2 mentioned nsubj 2 mentioned mention VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 window det 4 broken break VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 window amod 5 window window NOUN Number=Sing 2 mentioned obj 6 — - PUNCT _ 10 elephant punct 7 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 elephant nsubj 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 elephant cop 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 elephant det 10 elephant elephant NOUN Number=Sing 2 mentioned obl 11 in in ADP _ 13 room case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 room det 13 room room NOUN Number=Sing 10 elephant nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 mentioned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mention speech: other past Nobody the broken window vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent window=Topic 2 break participle vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 3 is a past window the elephant the room tree rules
Example 7 There are 3 elephants and each eats 150 kg of food a day.
expl nummod nsubj cc nsubj conj nummod obj case nmod det obl:unmarked punct root There PRON are VERB 3 NUM elephants NOUN and CCONJ each DET eats VERB 150 NUM kg NOUN of ADP food NOUN a DET day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 are expl 2 are be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 elephants nummod 4 elephants elephant NOUN Number=Plur 2 are nsubj 5 and and CCONJ _ 7 eats cc 6 each each DET PronType=Tot 7 eats nsubj 7 eats eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 are conj 8 150 150 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 9 kg nummod 9 kg kg NOUN Number=Plur 7 eats obj 10 of of ADP _ 11 food case 11 food food NOUN Number=Sing 9 kg nmod 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 day det 13 day day NOUN Number=Sing 7 eats obl:unmarked 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 are punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 does present 3 elephants there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 eat present each 150 kg of food day vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kg=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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