elf Who acts: elf, small magical creature, stories, helpers, elves, beautiful people · What happens: be, make, live, wrap, move, dress up · To what, where: small magical creature, stories, helpers, toys, North Pole, fantasy books · Speech: someone speaks here
«elf» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: elf in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 An elf is a small magical creature in stories and folk tales, often with pointed ears, who can be helpful or tricky.
The tree, 22 words det nsubj cop det amod amod case nmod cc compound conj punct advmod case amod conj punct nsubj aux cop parataxis cc conj punct root An DET elf NOUN is AUX a DET small ADJ magical ADJ creature NOUN in ADP stories NOUN and CCONJ folk NOUN tales NOUN , PUNCT often ADV with ADP pointed ADJ ears NOUN , PUNCT who PRON can AUX be AUX helpful ADJ or CCONJ tricky ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 elf det 2 elf elf NOUN Number=Sing 7 creature nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 creature cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 creature det 5 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 7 creature amod 6 magical magical ADJ Degree=Pos 7 creature amod 7 creature creature NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 in in ADP _ 9 stories case 9 stories story NOUN Number=Plur 7 creature nmod 10 and and CCONJ _ 12 tales cc 11 folk folk NOUN Number=Sing 12 tales compound 12 tales tale NOUN Number=Plur 9 stories conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 17 ears punct 14 often often ADV _ 17 ears advmod 15 with with ADP _ 17 ears case 16 pointed pointed ADJ Degree=Pos 17 ears amod 17 ears ear NOUN Number=Plur 7 creature conj 18 , , PUNCT _ 22 helpful punct 19 who who PRON PronType=Rel 22 helpful nsubj 20 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 22 helpful aux 21 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 22 helpful cop 22 helpful helpful ADJ Degree=Pos 7 creature parataxis 23 or or CCONJ _ 24 tricky cc 24 tricky tricky ADJ Degree=Pos 22 helpful conj 25 . . PUNCT _ 7 creature punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a elf a small magical creature and pointed ears stories and folk tales tree rules 2 is can a small magical creature and pointed ears helpful property tree rules 3 be a small magical creature and pointed ears not said here tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 In Christmas stories, elves are Santa's helpers who make toys at the North Pole.
The tree, 15 words case obl nsubj punct conj cop nmod:poss case nsubj acl:relcl obj case det compound obl punct root In ADP Christmas PROPN stories NOUN , PUNCT elves NOUN are AUX Santa PROPN 's PART helpers NOUN who PRON make VERB toys NOUN at ADP the DET North PROPN Pole PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 Christmas case 2 Christmas Christmas PROPN Number=Sing 3 stories obl 3 stories story NOUN Number=Plur 9 helpers nsubj 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 elves punct 5 elves elf NOUN Number=Plur 3 stories conj 6 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 helpers cop 7 Santa Santa PROPN Number=Sing 9 helpers nmod:poss 8 's 's PART _ 7 Santa case 9 helpers helper NOUN Number=Plur root root 10 who who PRON PronType=Rel 11 make nsubj 11 make make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 helpers acl:relcl 12 toys toy NOUN Number=Plur 11 make obj 13 at at ADP _ 16 Pole case 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 Pole det 15 North North PROPN Number=Sing 16 Pole compound 16 Pole Pole PROPN Number=Sing 11 make obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 9 helpers punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present stories and elves Santa's helpers tree rules 2 make present Santa's helpers toys the North Pole vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toy=Product
Meaning 3 In fantasy books and games, like «The Lord of the Rings», elves are tall, wise, beautiful people who live very long.
The tree, 21 words case compound obl cc conj punct case punct det nsubj case det conj punct punct nsubj cop punct conj punct amod obl nsubj acl:relcl advmod xcomp punct root In ADP fantasy NOUN books NOUN and CCONJ games NOUN , PUNCT like ADP « PUNCT The DET Lord PROPN of ADP the DET Rings NOUN » PUNCT , PUNCT elves NOUN are AUX tall ADJ , PUNCT wise ADJ , PUNCT beautiful ADJ people NOUN who PRON live VERB very ADV long ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 books case 2 fantasy fantasy NOUN Number=Sing 3 books compound 3 books book NOUN Number=Plur 18 tall obl 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 games cc 5 games game NOUN Number=Plur 3 books conj 6 , , PUNCT _ 13 Rings punct 7 like like ADP _ 13 Rings case 8 « « PUNCT _ 13 Rings punct 9 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 Lord det 10 Lord Lord PROPN Number=Sing 13 Rings nsubj 11 of of ADP _ 13 Rings case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 Rings det 13 Rings ring NOUN Number=Plur 3 books conj 14 » » PUNCT _ 13 Rings punct 15 , , PUNCT _ 3 books punct 16 elves elf NOUN Number=Plur 18 tall nsubj 17 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 tall cop 18 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos root root 19 , , PUNCT _ 20 wise punct 20 wise wise ADJ Degree=Pos 18 tall conj 21 , , PUNCT _ 23 people punct 22 beautiful beautiful ADJ Degree=Pos 23 people amod 23 people people NOUN Number=Plur 18 tall obl 24 who who PRON PronType=Rel 25 live nsubj 25 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 23 people acl:relcl 26 very very ADV _ 27 long advmod 27 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 25 live xcomp 28 . . PUNCT _ 18 tall punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present elves fantasy books and games and the Rings beautiful people obl ; tall property tree rules 2 be elves not said here tree rules 3 live present beautiful people long property vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 The elves made shoes for the poor shoemaker.
det nsubj obj case det amod obl punct root The DET elves NOUN made VERB shoes NOUN for ADP the DET poor ADJ shoemaker NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 elves det 2 elves elf NOUN Number=Plur 3 made nsubj 3 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 shoes shoe NOUN Number=Plur 3 made obj 5 for for ADP _ 8 shoemaker case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 shoemaker det 7 poor poor ADJ Degree=Pos 8 shoemaker amod 8 shoemaker shoemaker NOUN Number=Sing 3 made obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past the elves shoes for the poor shoemaker vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent shoe=Material for shoemaker=Beneficiary
Example 2 Santa's elves wrap presents in the workshop.
nmod:poss case nsubj obj case det obl punct root Santa PROPN 's PART elves NOUN wrap VERB presents NOUN in ADP the DET workshop NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Santa Santa PROPN Number=Sing 3 elves nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Santa case 3 elves elf NOUN Number=Plur 4 wrap nsubj 4 wrap wrap VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 presents present NOUN Number=Plur 4 wrap obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 workshop case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 workshop det 8 workshop workshop NOUN Number=Sing 4 wrap obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 wrap punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wrap present Santa's elves presents the workshop vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent present=Theme in workshop=Destination
Example 3 Our Elf on the Shelf moves every night.
nmod:poss nsubj case det nmod det obl:unmarked punct root Our PRON Elf NOUN on ADP the DET Shelf NOUN moves VERB every DET night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 Elf nmod:poss 2 Elf elf NOUN Number=Sing 6 moves nsubj 3 on on ADP _ 5 Shelf case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 Shelf det 5 Shelf shelf NOUN Number=Sing 2 Elf nmod 6 moves move VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 every every DET PronType=Tot 8 night det 8 night night NOUN Number=Sing 6 moves obl:unmarked 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 moves punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 move present Our Elf on the Shelf night vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 Legolas is an elf in «The Lord of the Rings».
nsubj cop det case punct det nmod case det nmod punct punct root Legolas PROPN is AUX an DET elf NOUN in ADP « PUNCT The DET Lord PROPN of ADP the DET Rings NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Legolas Legolas PROPN Number=Sing 4 elf nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 elf cop 3 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 elf det 4 elf elf NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 in in ADP _ 8 Lord case 6 « « PUNCT _ 8 Lord punct 7 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 Lord det 8 Lord Lord PROPN Number=Sing 4 elf nmod 9 of of ADP _ 11 Rings case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 Rings det 11 Rings ring NOUN Number=Plur 4 elf nmod 12 » » PUNCT _ 11 Rings punct 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 elf punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Legolas a elf in the Lord; of the Rings tree rules
Example 5 She dressed up as an elf for the school play.
nsubj compound:prt case det obl case det compound obl punct root She PRON dressed VERB up ADP as ADP an DET elf NOUN for ADP the DET school NOUN play NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 dressed nsubj 2 dressed dress VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 up up ADP _ 2 dressed compound:prt 4 as as ADP _ 6 elf case 5 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 elf det 6 elf elf NOUN Number=Sing 2 dressed obl 7 for for ADP _ 10 play case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 play det 9 school school NOUN Number=Sing 10 play compound 10 play play NOUN Number=Sing 2 dressed obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 dressed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dress up past She as a elf; for the school play vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 The elf had pointy ears and a green hat.
det nsubj amod obj cc det amod conj punct root The DET elf NOUN had VERB pointy ADJ ears NOUN and CCONJ a DET green ADJ hat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 elf det 2 elf elf NOUN Number=Sing 3 had nsubj 3 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 pointy pointy ADJ Degree=Pos 5 ears amod 5 ears ear NOUN Number=Plur 3 had obj 6 and and CCONJ _ 9 hat cc 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 hat det 8 green green ADJ Degree=Pos 9 hat amod 9 hat hat NOUN Number=Sing 5 ears conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past the elf pointy ears and a green hat vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ear=Patient
Example 7 In Iceland some people tell stories about hidden elves.
case obl det nsubj obj case amod nmod punct root In ADP Iceland PROPN some DET people NOUN tell VERB stories NOUN about ADP hidden ADJ elves NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 Iceland case 2 Iceland Iceland PROPN Number=Sing 5 tell obl 3 some some DET PronType=Ind 4 people det 4 people people NOUN Number=Plur 5 tell nsubj 5 tell tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 stories story NOUN Number=Plur 5 tell obj 7 about about ADP _ 9 elves case 8 hidden hidden ADJ Degree=Pos 9 elves amod 9 elves elf NOUN Number=Plur 6 stories nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 tell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tell speech: assert present some people stories Iceland about hidden elves vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent story=Recipient about elf=Topic
Example 8 The poor little elf was very much frightened.
det amod amod nsubj:pass cop advmod advmod punct root The DET poor ADJ little ADJ elf NOUN was AUX very ADV much ADV frightened ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 elf det 2 poor poor ADJ Degree=Pos 4 elf amod 3 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 4 elf amod 4 elf elf NOUN Number=Sing 8 frightened nsubj:pass 5 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 frightened cop 6 very very ADV _ 7 much advmod 7 much much ADV _ 8 frightened advmod 8 frightened frightened ADJ Degree=Pos root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 frightened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past · passive the poor little elf frightened property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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