elk Who acts: branching antlers, elk, male elk, We, signs · What happens: call, step out, eat, have, hear, bugle · To what, where: same animal, wapiti, road, grass, large antlers, elk · Speech: someone speaks here
«elk» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: elk in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 In Britain and Europe: the largest kind of deer, with huge flat antlers and a long face; the same animal is called a moose in North America.
The tree, 27 words case cc conj punct det amod appos case nmod punct case amod amod parataxis cc det amod conj punct det amod nsubj:pass aux:pass parataxis det xcomp case compound nmod punct root In ADP Britain PROPN and CCONJ Europe PROPN : PUNCT the DET largest ADJ kind NOUN of ADP deer NOUN , PUNCT with ADP huge ADJ flat ADJ antlers NOUN and CCONJ a DET long ADJ face NOUN ; PUNCT the DET same ADJ animal NOUN is AUX called VERB a DET moose NOUN in ADP North PROPN America PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 Britain case 2 Britain Britain PROPN Number=Sing root root 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 Europe cc 4 Europe Europe PROPN Number=Sing 2 Britain conj 5 : : PUNCT _ 8 kind punct 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 kind det 7 largest large ADJ Degree=Sup 8 kind amod 8 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing 2 Britain appos 9 of of ADP _ 10 deer case 10 deer deer NOUN Number=Sing 8 kind nmod 11 , , PUNCT _ 15 antlers punct 12 with with ADP _ 15 antlers case 13 huge huge ADJ Degree=Pos 15 antlers amod 14 flat flat ADJ Degree=Pos 15 antlers amod 15 antlers antler NOUN Number=Plur 8 kind parataxis 16 and and CCONJ _ 19 face cc 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 face det 18 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 19 face amod 19 face face NOUN Number=Sing 15 antlers conj 20 ; ; PUNCT _ 25 called punct 21 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 23 animal det 22 same same ADJ Degree=Pos 23 animal amod 23 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing 25 called nsubj:pass 24 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 25 called aux:pass 25 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 kind parataxis 26 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 27 moose det 27 moose moose NOUN Number=Sing 25 called xcomp 28 in in ADP _ 30 America case 29 North North PROPN Number=Sing 30 America compound 30 America America PROPN Number=Sing 27 moose nmod 31 . . PUNCT _ 8 kind punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present · passive the same animal vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 In North America: a large deer with branching antlers, also called a wapiti, smaller than a moose.
The tree, 17 words case compound punct det amod appos case compound nmod punct advmod acl det xcomp punct parataxis case det obl punct root In ADP North PROPN America PROPN : PUNCT a DET large ADJ deer NOUN with ADP branching NOUN antlers NOUN , PUNCT also ADV called VERB a DET wapiti NOUN , PUNCT smaller ADJ than ADP a DET moose NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 America case 2 North North PROPN Number=Sing 3 America compound 3 America America PROPN Number=Sing root root 4 : : PUNCT _ 7 deer punct 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 deer det 6 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 7 deer amod 7 deer deer NOUN Number=Sing 3 America appos 8 with with ADP _ 10 antlers case 9 branching branching NOUN Number=Sing 10 antlers compound 10 antlers antler NOUN Number=Plur 7 deer nmod 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 called punct 12 also also ADV _ 13 called advmod 13 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 antlers acl 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 wapiti det 15 wapiti wapiti NOUN Number=Sing 13 called xcomp 16 , , PUNCT _ 17 smaller punct 17 smaller small ADJ Degree=Cmp 7 deer parataxis 18 than than ADP _ 20 moose case 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 moose det 20 moose moose NOUN Number=Sing 17 smaller obl 21 . . PUNCT _ 7 deer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call participle branching antlers not said here a wapiti vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 An elk stepped out onto the road in front of us.
det nsubj compound:prt case det obl case nmod case nmod punct root An DET elk NOUN stepped VERB out ADP onto ADP the DET road NOUN in ADP front NOUN of ADP us PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 elk det 2 elk elk NOUN Number=Sing 3 stepped nsubj 3 stepped step VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 out out ADP _ 3 stepped compound:prt 5 onto onto ADP _ 7 road case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 road det 7 road road NOUN Number=Sing 3 stepped obl 8 in in ADP _ 9 front case 9 front front NOUN Number=Sing 7 road nmod 10 of of ADP _ 11 us case 11 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 9 front nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 stepped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 step out past a elk the road in front of us vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme onto road=Trajectory
Example 2 Elk eat grass, leaves and bark.
nsubj obj punct conj cc conj punct root Elk NOUN eat VERB grass NOUN , PUNCT leaves NOUN and CCONJ bark NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Elk elk NOUN Number=Plur 2 eat nsubj 2 eat eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 grass grass NOUN Number=Sing 2 eat obj 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 leaves punct 5 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 3 grass conj 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 bark cc 7 bark bark NOUN Number=Sing 3 grass conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 eat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat present Elk grass and leaves and bark vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grass=Patient
Example 3 The male elk has large antlers.
det amod nsubj amod obj punct root The DET male ADJ elk NOUN has VERB large ADJ antlers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 elk det 2 male male ADJ Degree=Pos 3 elk amod 3 elk elk NOUN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 6 antlers amod 6 antlers antler NOUN Number=Plur 4 has obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the male elk large antlers vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent antler=Patient
Example 4 We heard the elk bugling in the autumn forest.
nsubj det obj acl case det compound obl punct root We PRON heard VERB the DET elk NOUN bugling VERB in ADP the DET autumn NOUN forest NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 heard nsubj 2 heard hear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 elk det 4 elk elk NOUN Number=Plur 2 heard obj 5 bugling bugle VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 elk acl 6 in in ADP _ 9 forest case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 forest det 8 autumn autumn NOUN Number=Sing 9 forest compound 9 forest forest NOUN Number=Sing 5 bugling obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 heard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hear past We the elk vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer elk=Stimulus 2 bugle gerund the elk not said here the autumn forest tree rules
Example 5 In Sweden, signs warn drivers about elk.
case obl punct nsubj obj case obl punct root In ADP Sweden PROPN , PUNCT signs NOUN warn VERB drivers NOUN about ADP elk NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 Sweden case 2 Sweden Sweden PROPN Number=Sing 5 warn obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 Sweden punct 4 signs sign NOUN Number=Plur 5 warn nsubj 5 warn warn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 drivers driver NOUN Number=Plur 5 warn obj 7 about about ADP _ 8 elk case 8 elk elk NOUN Number=Plur 5 warn obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 warn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 warn speech: warn present signs drivers Sweden about elk vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP PP.topic»: agent=Agent driver=Recipient about elk=Topic
Example 6 A herd of elk grazed by the river.
det case nmod acl case det obl punct root A DET herd NOUN of ADP elk NOUN grazed VERB by ADP the DET river NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 herd det 2 herd herd NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 of of ADP _ 4 elk case 4 elk elk NOUN Number=Plur 2 herd nmod 5 grazed graze VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 elk acl 6 by by ADP _ 8 river case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 river det 8 river river NOUN Number=Sing 5 grazed obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 herd punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 graze participle elk not said here by the river vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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