enlightenment Who acts: state, thinkers, time, Buddhists, I, Enlightenment · What happens: understand, puzzle, gain, say, use, believe · To what, where: something, people, reason, perfect understanding, Buddhism, time · Speech: someone speaks here
«enlightenment» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: enlightenment in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 The state of understanding something clearly after it was puzzling; gaining knowledge.
det mark acl obj advmod mark nsubj aux advcl punct amod nmod punct root The DET state NOUN of SCONJ understanding VERB something PRON clearly ADV after SCONJ it PRON was AUX puzzling VERB ; PUNCT gaining VERB knowledge NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 state det 2 state state NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 of of SCONJ _ 4 understanding mark 4 understanding understand VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 state acl 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 understanding obj 6 clearly clearly ADV _ 4 understanding advmod 7 after after SCONJ _ 10 puzzling mark 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 puzzling nsubj 9 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 puzzling aux 10 puzzling puzzle VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 understanding advcl 11 ; ; PUNCT _ 13 knowledge punct 12 gaining gain VERB VerbForm=Ger 13 knowledge amod 13 knowledge knowledge NOUN Number=Sing 2 state nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 state punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 understand gerund the state gaining knowledge not said here something clearly property vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus 2 puzzle past · progressive state vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP-PRO-ARB»: agent=Stimulus 3 gain gerund vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: history — kept apart, not parsed.
The Enlightenment: a time in Europe in the 1700s when thinkers said people should use reason, science and evidence and question old ideas.
The tree, 23 words det punct det nsubj case nmod case det nmod advmod nsubj acl:relcl obj aux acl:relcl obj punct conj cc conj cc conj amod nmod punct root The DET Enlightenment NOUN : PUNCT a DET time NOUN in ADP Europe PROPN in ADP the DET 1700s NOUN when ADV thinkers NOUN said VERB people NOUN should AUX use VERB reason NOUN , PUNCT science NOUN and CCONJ evidence NOUN and CCONJ question NOUN old ADJ ideas NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Enlightenment det 2 Enlightenment enlightenment NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 : : PUNCT _ 16 use punct 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 time det 5 time time NOUN Number=Sing 16 use nsubj 6 in in ADP _ 7 Europe case 7 Europe Europe PROPN Number=Sing 5 time nmod 8 in in ADP _ 10 1700s case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 1700s det 10 1700s 1700 NOUN Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card 5 time nmod 11 when when ADV PronType=Int 13 said advmod 12 thinkers thinker NOUN Number=Plur 13 said nsubj 13 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 1700s acl:relcl 14 people people NOUN Number=Plur 13 said obj 15 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 16 use aux 16 use use VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 Enlightenment acl:relcl 17 reason reason NOUN Number=Sing 16 use obj 18 , , PUNCT _ 19 science punct 19 science science NOUN Number=Sing 17 reason conj 20 and and CCONJ _ 21 evidence cc 21 evidence evidence NOUN Number=Sing 17 reason conj 22 and and CCONJ _ 23 question cc 23 question question NOUN Number=Sing 17 reason conj 24 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 25 ideas amod 25 ideas idea NOUN Number=Plur 17 reason nmod 26 . . PUNCT _ 2 Enlightenment punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past thinkers people vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent people=Topic 2 use should a time in Europe in the 1700s reason old ideas and science and evidence and question vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Patient
Meaning 3 Usage: religion — kept apart, not parsed.
In Buddhism, a state of perfect understanding and peace that Buddhists believe the Buddha reached.
The tree, 15 words case obl punct det nsubj case amod nmod cc conj obj nsubj acl:relcl det obj punct root In ADP Buddhism PROPN , PUNCT a DET state NOUN of ADP perfect ADJ understanding NOUN and CCONJ peace NOUN that PRON Buddhists PROPN believe VERB the DET Buddha PROPN reached VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 Buddhism case 2 Buddhism Buddhism PROPN Number=Sing 16 reached obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 Buddhism punct 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 state det 5 state state NOUN Number=Sing 16 reached nsubj 6 of of ADP _ 8 understanding case 7 perfect perfect ADJ Degree=Pos 8 understanding amod 8 understanding understanding NOUN Number=Sing 5 state nmod 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 peace cc 10 peace peace NOUN Number=Sing 8 understanding conj 11 that that PRON PronType=Rel 13 believe obj 12 Buddhists Buddhist PROPN Number=Plur 13 believe nsubj 13 believe believe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 understanding acl:relcl 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 Buddha det 15 Buddha Buddha PROPN Number=Sing 13 believe obj 16 reached reach VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 17 . . PUNCT _ 16 reached punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 believe present Buddhists perfect understanding and peace vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme buddha=Eventuality 2 reach past a state of perfect understanding and peace Buddhism vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 After the teacher's diagram, I felt a moment of enlightenment.
case det nmod:poss case obl punct nsubj det obj case nmod punct root After ADP the DET teacher NOUN 's PART diagram NOUN , PUNCT I PRON felt VERB a DET moment NOUN of ADP enlightenment NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 After after ADP _ 5 diagram case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 teacher det 3 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 5 diagram nmod:poss 4 's 's PART _ 3 teacher case 5 diagram diagram NOUN Number=Sing 8 felt obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 diagram punct 7 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 felt nsubj 8 felt feel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 moment det 10 moment moment NOUN Number=Sing 8 felt obj 11 of of ADP _ 12 enlightenment case 12 enlightenment enlightenment NOUN Number=Sing 10 moment nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 8 felt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 feel past I after the teacher's diagram; moment vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
Example 2 The Enlightenment was a time of new ideas about science and freedom.
det nsubj cop det case amod nmod case nmod cc conj punct root The DET Enlightenment NOUN was AUX a DET time NOUN of ADP new ADJ ideas NOUN about ADP science NOUN and CCONJ freedom NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Enlightenment det 2 Enlightenment enlightenment NOUN Number=Sing 5 time nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 time cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 time det 5 time time NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 8 ideas case 7 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 8 ideas amod 8 ideas idea NOUN Number=Plur 5 time nmod 9 about about ADP _ 10 science case 10 science science NOUN Number=Sing 8 ideas nmod 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 freedom cc 12 freedom freedom NOUN Number=Sing 10 science conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 time punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the Enlightenment a time of new ideas about science and freedom tree rules
Example 3 Thinkers of the Enlightenment said people should question kings.
nsubj case det nmod nsubj aux ccomp obj punct root Thinkers NOUN of ADP the DET Enlightenment NOUN said VERB people NOUN should AUX question VERB kings NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Thinkers thinker NOUN Number=Plur 5 said nsubj 2 of of ADP _ 4 Enlightenment case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 Enlightenment det 4 Enlightenment enlightenment NOUN Number=Sing 1 Thinkers nmod 5 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 people people NOUN Number=Plur 8 question nsubj 7 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 question aux 8 question question VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 said ccomp 9 kings king NOUN Number=Plur 8 question obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past Thinkers of the Enlightenment vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 question speech: other should people kings vn interrogate-37.1.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent king=Recipient
Example 4 Buddhists believe the Buddha reached enlightenment under a tree.
nsubj det nsubj ccomp obj case det obl punct root Buddhists NOUN believe VERB the DET Buddha PROPN reached VERB enlightenment NOUN under ADP a DET tree NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Buddhists buddhist NOUN Number=Plur 2 believe nsubj 2 believe believe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 Buddha det 4 Buddha Buddha PROPN Number=Sing 5 reached nsubj 5 reached reach VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 believe ccomp 6 enlightenment enlightenment NOUN Number=Sing 5 reached obj 7 under under ADP _ 9 tree case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 tree det 9 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 5 reached obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 believe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 believe present Buddhists vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 2 reach past the Buddha enlightenment a tree vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent enlightenment=Theme
Example 5 The library was built for the enlightenment of the townspeople.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl case det nmod punct root The DET library NOUN was AUX built VERB for ADP the DET enlightenment NOUN of ADP the DET townspeople NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 library det 2 library library NOUN Number=Sing 4 built nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 built aux:pass 4 built build VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 for for ADP _ 7 enlightenment case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 enlightenment det 7 enlightenment enlightenment NOUN Number=Sing 4 built obl 8 of of ADP _ 10 townspeople case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 townspeople det 10 townspeople townspeople NOUN Number=Sing 7 enlightenment nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 built punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 build past · passive the library for the enlightenment of the townspeople vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: subject=Product for enlightenment=Asset 2 enlighten the townspeople nom enlightenment «cognition transitive»: of=patient
Example 6 For your enlightenment, the answer is on page twelve.
case nmod:poss obl punct det nsubj cop case flat punct root For ADP your PRON enlightenment NOUN , PUNCT the DET answer NOUN is AUX on ADP page NOUN twelve NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 For for ADP _ 3 enlightenment case 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 enlightenment nmod:poss 3 enlightenment enlightenment NOUN Number=Sing 9 page obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 enlightenment punct 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 answer det 6 answer answer NOUN Number=Sing 9 page nsubj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 page cop 8 on on ADP _ 9 page case 9 page page NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 twelve twelve NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 9 page flat 11 . . PUNCT _ 9 page punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the answer page for your enlightenment tree rules 2 enlighten your nom enlightenment «cognition transitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 Many ideas in the American Declaration of Independence came from the Enlightenment.
amod nsubj case det amod nmod case nmod case det obl punct root Many ADJ ideas NOUN in ADP the DET American ADJ Declaration PROPN of ADP Independence PROPN came VERB from ADP the DET Enlightenment NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Many many ADJ Degree=Pos 2 ideas amod 2 ideas idea NOUN Number=Plur 9 came nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 6 Declaration case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 Declaration det 5 American American ADJ Degree=Pos 6 Declaration amod 6 Declaration Declaration PROPN Number=Sing 2 ideas nmod 7 of of ADP _ 8 Independence case 8 Independence Independence PROPN Number=Sing 6 Declaration nmod 9 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 10 from from ADP _ 12 Enlightenment case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 Enlightenment det 12 Enlightenment enlightenment NOUN Number=Sing 9 came obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 9 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past Many ideas in the American Declaration of Independence the Enlightenment vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from enlightenment=Initial_Location
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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