erosion

Who acts: Erosion, cliff, Tree roots, Wind erosion, farmers, Lies · What happens: be, wear away, mean, make, fall, help · To what, where: slow weakening, Coastal erosion, sea, soil erosion, Grand Canyon, millions

«erosion» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: erosion in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Erosion is the slow wearing away of rock, soil or land by water, wind, ice or waves.

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Erosion	erosion	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 slow	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 slow	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 slow	det
4	slow	slow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	wearing	wear	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 slow	advcl
6	away	away	ADV	_	5 wearing	advmod
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 rock	case
8	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 wearing	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 soil	punct
10	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 rock	conj
11	or	or	CCONJ	_	12 land	cc
12	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 rock	conj
13	by	by	ADP	_	14 water	case
14	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 wearing	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 wind	punct
16	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 water	conj
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 ice	punct
18	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 water	conj
19	or	or	CCONJ	_	20 waves	cc
20	waves	wave	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 ice	conj
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 slow	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Erosion					slow property	tree rules
2	wear away	gerund	Erosion not said here					of rock and soil or land; by water and wind and ice or waves; away property	vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent of rock=Source

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Erosion can mean the slow weakening or loss of something, like trust or rights.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Erosion	erosion	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 mean	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 mean	aux
3	mean	mean	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 weakening	det
5	slow	slow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 weakening	amod
6	weakening	weakening	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 mean	obj
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 loss	cc
8	loss	loss	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 weakening	conj
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 something	case
10	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	8 loss	nmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 trust	punct
12	like	like	ADP	_	13 trust	case
13	trust	trust	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 something	appos
14	or	or	CCONJ	_	15 rights	cc
15	rights	right	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 trust	conj
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 mean	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	can	Erosion	the slow weakening or loss of something					vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weakening=Topic

Example 1

Coastal erosion has made the cliff fall into the sea.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Coastal	coastal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 erosion	amod
2	erosion	erosion	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 made	nsubj:pass
3	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 made	aux
4	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 cliff	det
6	cliff	cliff	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 fall	nsubj
7	fall	fall	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 made	xcomp
8	into	into	ADP	_	10 sea	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 sea	det
10	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 fall	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 made	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present · perfect · passive		Coastal erosion					tree rules
2	fall	infinitive	the cliff					into the sea result	vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into sea=Result

Example 2

Tree roots help prevent soil erosion.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 roots	compound
2	roots	root	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 help	nsubj
3	help	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	prevent	prevent	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 help	xcomp
5	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 erosion	compound
6	erosion	erosion	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 prevent	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 help	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	help	present	Tree roots						vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	prevent	infinitive	Tree roots not said here	soil erosion					vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer erosion=Theme

Example 3

The Grand Canyon was made by erosion over millions of years.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 Canyon	det
2	Grand	Grand	PROPN	_	3 Canyon	compound
3	Canyon	Canyon	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 made	nsubj:pass
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 made	aux:pass
5	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 erosion	case
7	erosion	erosion	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 made	obl
8	over	over	ADP	_	9 millions	case
9	millions	million	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 made	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 years	case
11	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 millions	nmod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 made	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	past · passive	erosion	the Grand Canyon		millions of years			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset subject=Product

Example 4

Wind erosion shaped the strange rocks in the desert.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 erosion	compound
2	erosion	erosion	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shaped	nsubj
3	shaped	shape	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 rocks	det
5	strange	strange	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 rocks	amod
6	rocks	rock	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 shaped	obj
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 desert	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 desert	det
9	desert	desert	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shaped	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 shaped	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shape	past	Wind erosion	the strange rocks		the desert			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset rock=Product

Example 5

The farmers planted hedges to stop erosion.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 farmers	det
2	farmers	farmer	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 planted	nsubj
3	planted	plant	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	hedges	hedge	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 planted	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 stop	mark
6	stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 planted	advcl
7	erosion	erosion	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 stop	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 planted	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	plant	past	the farmers	hedges					vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hedge=Patient
2	stop	to-infinitive	the farmers not said here	erosion					vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality erosion=Eventuality

Example 6

Erosion is slow, but it never stops.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Erosion	erosion	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 slow	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 slow	cop
3	slow	slow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 stops	punct
5	but	but	CCONJ	_	8 stops	cc
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 stops	nsubj
7	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	8 stops	advmod
8	stops	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 slow	conj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 slow	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Erosion					slow property	tree rules
2	not stop	present	Erosion						vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Example 7

Lies caused an erosion of trust between the friends.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Lies	lie	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 caused	nsubj
2	caused	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 erosion	det
4	erosion	erosion	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 caused	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 trust	case
6	trust	trust	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 erosion	nmod
7	between	between	ADP	_	9 friends	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 friends	det
9	friends	friend	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 trust	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 caused	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause	past	Lies	a erosion of trust between the friends					vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition erosion=Patient
2	erode			trust between the friends					nom erosion «process transitive»: of=patient

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/E/erosion/