excuse Who acts: excuse, you, them, someone, I, That · What happens: be, give, explain, do, not do, excuse · To what, where: reason, something, someone, them, it, me · Speech: someone speaks here
«excuse» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: excuse in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 An excuse is a reason you give to explain why you did something wrong or did not do something, often not the real reason.
The tree, 24 words det nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl mark xcomp advmod nsubj ccomp obj amod cc aux advmod conj obj punct advmod advmod det amod acl:relcl punct root An DET excuse NOUN is AUX a DET reason NOUN you PRON give VERB to PART explain VERB why ADV you PRON did VERB something PRON wrong ADJ or CCONJ did AUX not PART do VERB something PRON , PUNCT often ADV not PART the DET real ADJ reason NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 excuse det 2 excuse excuse NOUN Number=Sing 5 reason nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 reason cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 reason det 5 reason reason NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 give nsubj 7 give give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 reason acl:relcl 8 to to PART _ 9 explain mark 9 explain explain VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 give xcomp 10 why why ADV PronType=Int 12 did advmod 11 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 12 did nsubj 12 did do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 explain ccomp 13 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 12 did obj 14 wrong wrong ADJ Degree=Pos 13 something amod 15 or or CCONJ _ 18 do cc 16 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 18 do aux 17 not not PART Polarity=Neg 18 do advmod 18 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 did conj 19 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 18 do obj 20 , , PUNCT _ 25 reason punct 21 often often ADV _ 25 reason advmod 22 not not PART Polarity=Neg 25 reason advmod 23 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 25 reason det 24 real real ADJ Degree=Pos 25 reason amod 25 reason reason NOUN Number=Sing 19 something acl:relcl 26 . . PUNCT _ 5 reason punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a excuse a reason tree rules 2 give present you a reason not said here tree rules 3 explain speech: assert to-infinitive you not said here vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 4 do past you something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality 5 not do past · do-support you not said here something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To excuse someone means to forgive them for something small.
mark csubj obj mark ccomp obj case obl amod punct root To PART excuse VERB someone PRON means VERB to PART forgive VERB them PRON for ADP something PRON small ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 excuse mark 2 excuse excuse VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means csubj 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 excuse obj 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 forgive mark 6 forgive forgive VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means ccomp 7 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 forgive obj 8 for for ADP _ 9 something case 9 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 forgive obl 10 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 9 something amod 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 excuse to-infinitive someone vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 forgive not said to happen to-infinitive them = they for something vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent they=Theme for something=Attribute
Meaning 3 To excuse someone from something means to let them not do it.
mark nsubj obj case obl mark ccomp obj advmod xcomp obj punct root To PART excuse VERB someone PRON from ADP something PRON means VERB to PART let VERB them PRON not PART do VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 excuse mark 2 excuse excuse VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 6 means nsubj 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 excuse obj 4 from from ADP _ 5 something case 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 excuse obl 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 to to PART _ 8 let mark 8 let let VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 means ccomp 9 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 let obj 10 not not PART Polarity=Neg 11 do advmod 11 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 let xcomp 12 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 do obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 excuse to-infinitive someone something vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 let not said to happen to-infinitive them = they tree rules 4 not do infinitive them = they not said here it vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality
Meaning 4 «Excuse me» is a polite phrase to get attention, to ask someone to move, or to say sorry for a small thing.
The tree, 22 words punct nsubj obj punct cop det amod mark acl obj punct mark conj obj mark xcomp punct cc mark conj xcomp case det amod obl punct root « PUNCT Excuse VERB me PRON » PUNCT is AUX a DET polite ADJ phrase NOUN to PART get VERB attention NOUN , PUNCT to PART ask VERB someone PRON to PART move VERB , PUNCT or CCONJ to PART say VERB sorry ADJ for ADP a DET small ADJ thing NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Excuse punct 2 Excuse excuse VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 8 phrase nsubj 3 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 Excuse obj 4 » » PUNCT _ 2 Excuse punct 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 phrase cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 phrase det 7 polite polite ADJ Degree=Pos 8 phrase amod 8 phrase phrase NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 to to PART _ 10 get mark 10 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 phrase acl 11 attention attention NOUN Number=Sing 10 get obj 12 , , PUNCT _ 14 ask punct 13 to to PART _ 14 ask mark 14 ask ask VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 get conj 15 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 14 ask obj 16 to to PART _ 17 move mark 17 move move VERB VerbForm=Inf 14 ask xcomp 18 , , PUNCT _ 21 say punct 19 or or CCONJ _ 21 say cc 20 to to PART _ 21 say mark 21 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 17 move conj 22 sorry sorry ADJ Degree=Pos 21 say xcomp 23 for for ADP _ 26 thing case 24 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 26 thing det 25 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 26 thing amod 26 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 22 sorry obl 27 . . PUNCT _ 8 phrase punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 excuse in a quote infinitive me vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme 2 is a present a polite phrase tree rules 3 get to-infinitive attention vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer attention=Stimulus 4 ask speech: ask to-infinitive someone vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S_INF»: agent=Agent someone=Recipient clause=Topic 5 move not said to happen to-infinitive someone not said here vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme 6 say speech: apologize to-infinitive someone not said here sorry property vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Excuse me, could you tell me the time?
obj punct aux nsubj conj iobj det obj punct root Excuse VERB me PRON , PUNCT could AUX you PRON tell VERB me PRON the DET time NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Excuse excuse VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 1 Excuse obj 3 , , PUNCT _ 6 tell punct 4 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 tell aux 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 tell nsubj 6 tell tell VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Excuse conj 7 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 tell iobj 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 time det 9 time time NOUN Number=Sing 6 tell obj 10 ? ? PUNCT _ 1 Excuse punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 excuse imperative you not said here me vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme 2 tell speech: assert could you me time vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent i=Recipient
Example 2 Excuse me, can I get past?
obj punct aux nsubj conj xcomp punct root Excuse VERB me PRON , PUNCT can AUX I PRON get VERB past ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Excuse excuse VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 1 Excuse obj 3 , , PUNCT _ 6 get punct 4 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 get aux 5 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 get nsubj 6 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Excuse conj 7 past past ADJ Degree=Pos 6 get xcomp 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 1 Excuse punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 excuse imperative you not said here me vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme 2 get can I past property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Example 3 That's not a good excuse for being late.
nsubj cop advmod det amod mark cop advcl punct root That PRON 's AUX not PART a DET good ADJ excuse NOUN for SCONJ being AUX late ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 That that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 6 excuse nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 excuse cop 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 6 excuse advmod 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 excuse det 5 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 6 excuse amod 6 excuse excuse NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 for for SCONJ _ 9 late mark 8 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 9 late cop 9 late late ADJ Degree=Pos 6 excuse advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 excuse punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not is a present That a good excuse tree rules 2 is gerund That not said here late property tree rules
Example 4 He always has an excuse for not doing his homework.
nsubj advmod det obj mark advmod acl nmod:poss obj punct root He PRON always ADV has VERB an DET excuse NOUN for SCONJ not PART doing VERB his PRON homework NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 has nsubj 2 always always ADV PronType=Tot 3 has advmod 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 excuse det 5 excuse excuse NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 6 for for SCONJ _ 8 doing mark 7 not not PART Polarity=Neg 8 doing advmod 8 doing do VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 excuse acl 9 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 homework nmod:poss 10 homework homework NOUN Number=Sing 8 doing obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present He a excuse always property vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent excuse=Patient 2 not do gerund a excuse not said here his homework vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent homework=Eventuality
Example 5 Please excuse the mess.
discourse det obj punct root Please INTJ excuse VERB the DET mess NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Please please INTJ _ 2 excuse discourse 2 excuse excuse VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 mess det 4 mess mess NOUN Number=Sing 2 excuse obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 excuse punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 excuse imperative you not said here the mess vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mess=Theme
Example 6 She was excused from PE because of her sore foot.
nsubj aux:pass case obl case fixed nmod:poss amod obl punct root She PRON was AUX excused VERB from ADP PE NOUN because ADP of ADP her PRON sore ADJ foot NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 excused nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 excused aux:pass 3 excused excuse VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 from from ADP _ 5 PE case 5 PE pe NOUN Number=Sing 3 excused obl 6 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 10 foot case 7 of of ADP _ 6 because fixed 8 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 foot nmod:poss 9 sore sore ADJ Degree=Pos 10 foot amod 10 foot foot NOUN Number=Sing 3 excused obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 excused punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 excuse past · passive She PE because her sore foot vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 7 May I be excused from the table?
aux nsubj aux:pass case det obl punct root May AUX I PRON be AUX excused VERB from ADP the DET table NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 May may AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 excused aux 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 excused nsubj 3 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 4 excused aux:pass 4 excused excuse VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 from from ADP _ 7 table case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 table det 7 table table NOUN Number=Sing 4 excused obl 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 excused punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 excuse may · passive I the table vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 8 «The dog ate it» is the oldest excuse ever.
punct det nsubj csubj obj punct cop det amod advmod punct root « PUNCT The DET dog NOUN ate VERB it PRON » PUNCT is AUX the DET oldest ADJ excuse NOUN ever ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 4 ate punct 2 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 dog det 3 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 4 ate nsubj 4 ate eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 excuse csubj 5 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 ate obj 6 » » PUNCT _ 4 ate punct 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 excuse cop 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 excuse det 9 oldest old ADJ Degree=Sup 10 excuse amod 10 excuse excuse NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 ever ever ADV PronType=Ind 10 excuse advmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 10 excuse punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat in a quote past the dog it vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient 2 is a present the oldest excuse ever tree rules
Example 9 Perhaps there was some excuse for him.
advmod expl det nsubj case nmod punct root Perhaps ADV there PRON was VERB some DET excuse NOUN for ADP him PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Perhaps perhaps ADV _ 3 was advmod 2 there there PRON PronType=Dem 3 was expl 3 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 some some DET PronType=Ind 5 excuse det 5 excuse excuse NOUN Number=Sing 3 was nsubj 6 for for ADP _ 7 him case 7 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 excuse nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 was punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past some excuse for him there perhaps property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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