fast Who acts: Fast, watch, clock, car, Tom, fast train · What happens: mean, move, do, be, show, stick · To what, where: something, fast time, 120 km, fastest land animal, 5 minutes · Speech: someone speaks here
«fast» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: fast in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Fast means moving or doing something quickly.
nsubj xcomp cc conj obj advmod punct root Fast ADJ means VERB moving VERB or CCONJ doing VERB something PRON quickly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Fast fast ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 moving move VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 doing cc 5 doing do VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 moving conj 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 doing obj 7 quickly quickly ADV _ 5 doing advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Fast vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 move not said to happen gerund Fast not said here vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme 3 do gerund Fast not said here something quickly property vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A clock or watch that is fast shows a time later than the real time.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj cc conj nsubj cop acl:relcl det obj advmod case det amod obl punct root A DET clock NOUN or CCONJ watch NOUN that PRON is AUX fast ADV shows VERB a DET time NOUN later ADV than ADP the DET real ADJ time NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 clock det 2 clock clock NOUN Number=Sing 8 shows nsubj 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 watch cc 4 watch watch NOUN Number=Sing 2 clock conj 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 fast nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 fast cop 7 fast fast ADV Degree=Pos 4 watch acl:relcl 8 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 time det 10 time time NOUN Number=Sing 8 shows obj 11 later late ADV Degree=Cmp 8 shows advmod 12 than than ADP _ 15 time case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 time det 14 real real ADJ Degree=Pos 15 time amod 15 time time NOUN Number=Sing 11 later obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 8 shows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present watch fast property tree rules 2 show present a clock or watch time late property vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 Fast also means firmly, tightly: «stuck fast», «fast asleep» (very deeply asleep).
The tree, 12 words advmod advmod advmod punct advmod punct punct parataxis advmod punct punct punct advmod parataxis punct punct advmod advmod parataxis punct punct root Fast ADV also ADV means VERB firmly ADV , PUNCT tightly ADV : PUNCT « PUNCT stuck VERB fast ADV » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT fast ADV asleep ADJ » PUNCT ( PUNCT very ADV deeply ADV asleep ADJ ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Fast fast ADV Degree=Pos 3 means advmod 2 also also ADV _ 3 means advmod 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 firmly firmly ADV _ 3 means advmod 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 tightly punct 6 tightly tightly ADV _ 3 means advmod 7 : : PUNCT _ 9 stuck punct 8 « « PUNCT _ 9 stuck punct 9 stuck stick VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 means parataxis 10 fast fast ADV Degree=Pos 9 stuck advmod 11 » » PUNCT _ 9 stuck punct 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 asleep punct 13 « « PUNCT _ 15 asleep punct 14 fast fast ADV Degree=Pos 15 asleep advmod 15 asleep asleep ADJ Degree=Pos 9 stuck parataxis 16 » » PUNCT _ 15 asleep punct 17 ( ( PUNCT _ 20 asleep punct 18 very very ADV _ 19 deeply advmod 19 deeply deeply ADV _ 20 asleep advmod 20 asleep asleep ADJ Degree=Pos 9 stuck parataxis 21 ) ) PUNCT _ 20 asleep punct 22 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present fast, firmly, tightly property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 stick in a quote participle fast property tree rules
Meaning 4 To fast is to not eat for a time, often for religious reasons; a fast is that time.
The tree, 18 words mark advcl cop mark advmod case det obl punct advmod case amod obl punct det amod cop det obl punct root To PART fast VERB is AUX to PART not PART eat VERB for ADP a DET time NOUN , PUNCT often ADV for ADP religious ADJ reasons NOUN ; PUNCT a DET fast ADJ is AUX that DET time NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 fast mark 2 fast fast VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 eat advcl 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 eat cop 4 to to PART _ 6 eat mark 5 not not PART Polarity=Neg 6 eat advmod 6 eat eat VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 for for ADP _ 9 time case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 time det 9 time time NOUN Number=Sing 6 eat obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 14 reasons punct 11 often often ADV _ 14 reasons advmod 12 for for ADP _ 14 reasons case 13 religious religious ADJ Degree=Pos 14 reasons amod 14 reasons reason NOUN Number=Plur 6 eat obl 15 ; ; PUNCT _ 20 time punct 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 fast det 17 fast fast ADJ Degree=Pos 20 time amod 18 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 20 time cop 19 that that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 20 time det 20 time time NOUN Number=Sing 6 eat obl 21 . . PUNCT _ 6 eat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fast to-infinitive tree rules 2 not is present time for religious reasons; eat property tree rules 3 is a present that fast time tree rules
Example 1 How fast does the car go?
advmod advmod aux det nsubj punct root How ADV fast ADV does AUX the DET car NOUN go VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 fast advmod 2 fast fast ADV Degree=Pos 6 go advmod 3 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 go aux 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 car det 5 car car NOUN Number=Sing 6 go nsubj 6 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 6 go punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go present · do-support the car fast property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 Tom runs faster than Ben.
nsubj advmod case obl punct root Tom PROPN runs VERB faster ADV than ADP Ben PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 2 runs nsubj 2 runs run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 faster fast ADV Degree=Cmp 2 runs advmod 4 than than ADP _ 5 Ben case 5 Ben Ben PROPN Number=Sing 3 faster obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 runs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run present Tom fast property vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 The fast train goes 120 km an hour.
det amod nsubj nummod obl det obl:unmarked punct root The DET fast ADJ train NOUN goes VERB 120 NUM km NOUN an DET hour NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 train det 2 fast fast ADJ Degree=Pos 3 train amod 3 train train NOUN Number=Sing 4 goes nsubj 4 goes go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 120 120 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 km nummod 6 km km NOUN Number=Sing 4 goes obl 7 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 hour det 8 hour hour NOUN Number=Sing 4 goes obl:unmarked 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 goes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go present the fast train 120 km hour vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 Who is the fastest?
nsubj cop det punct root Who PRON is AUX the DET fastest ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Who who PRON PronType=Rel 4 fastest nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 fastest cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 fastest det 4 fastest fast ADJ Degree=Sup root root 5 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 fastest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present fast property tree rules
Example 5 The cheetah is the fastest land animal.
det nsubj cop det amod compound punct root The DET cheetah NOUN is AUX the DET fastest ADJ land NOUN animal NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cheetah det 2 cheetah cheetah NOUN Number=Sing 7 animal nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 animal cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 animal det 5 fastest fast ADJ Degree=Sup 7 animal amod 6 land land NOUN Number=Sing 7 animal compound 7 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 animal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the cheetah the fastest land animal tree rules
Example 6 My watch is 5 minutes fast.
nmod:poss nsubj cop nummod advmod punct root My PRON watch NOUN is AUX 5 NUM minutes NOUN fast ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 watch nmod:poss 2 watch watch NOUN Number=Sing 5 minutes nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 minutes cop 4 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 minutes nummod 5 minutes minute NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 fast fast ADV Degree=Pos 5 minutes advmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 5 minutes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present My watch 5 minutes fast property tree rules
Example 7 The baby is fast asleep.
det nsubj cop advmod punct root The DET baby NOUN is AUX fast ADV asleep ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 baby det 2 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 5 asleep nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 asleep cop 4 fast fast ADV Degree=Pos 5 asleep advmod 5 asleep asleep ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 asleep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the baby asleep, fast property tree rules
Example 8 Some people fast during Ramadan.
det advmod case nmod punct root Some DET people NOUN fast ADV during ADP Ramadan PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 people det 2 people people NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 fast fast ADV Degree=Pos 2 people advmod 4 during during ADP _ 5 Ramadan case 5 Ramadan Ramadan PROPN Number=Sing 2 people nmod 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 people punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 9 His chest heaved hard and fast.
nmod:poss nsubj advmod cc conj punct root His PRON chest NOUN heaved VERB hard ADV and CCONJ fast ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 chest nmod:poss 2 chest chest NOUN Number=Sing 3 heaved nsubj 3 heaved heave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 hard hard ADV Degree=Pos 3 heaved advmod 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 fast cc 6 fast fast ADV Degree=Pos 4 hard conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 heaved punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 heave past His chest hard property vn push-12 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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