fell Who acts: one, I, They, baby, temperature, Leaves · What happens: drop down, come down, cut down, knock down, fall, fall off · To what, where: tree, someone, swoop, bike, old oak, knee
«fell» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: fell in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: past of fall — kept apart, not parsed.
Dropped down or came down.
compound:prt cc conj advmod punct root Dropped VERB down ADP or CCONJ came VERB down ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dropped drop VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 2 down down ADP _ 1 Dropped compound:prt 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 came cc 4 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 1 Dropped conj 5 down down ADV _ 4 came advmod 6 . . PUNCT _ 1 Dropped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drop down participle vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme 2 come down past down property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
I fell off my bike.
nsubj compound:prt nmod:poss obl punct root I PRON fell VERB off ADP my PRON bike NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 fell nsubj 2 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 off off ADP _ 2 fell compound:prt 4 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 bike nmod:poss 5 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 2 fell obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 fell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fall off past I my bike vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
Meaning 2 Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.
To cut down a tree, or knock someone down.
mark compound:prt det obj punct cc conj obj compound:prt punct root To PART cut VERB down ADP a DET tree NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ knock VERB someone PRON down ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 cut mark 2 cut cut VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 down down ADP _ 2 cut compound:prt 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 tree det 5 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 2 cut obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 knock punct 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 knock cc 8 knock knock VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 cut conj 9 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 knock obj 10 down down ADP _ 8 knock compound:prt 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 cut punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cut down to-infinitive a tree vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset tree=Product 2 knock down infinitive someone vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent someone=Patient
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
They felled the old oak.
nsubj det amod obj punct root They PRON felled VERB the DET old ADJ oak NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 felled nsubj 2 felled fell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 oak det 4 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 5 oak amod 5 oak oak NOUN Number=Sing 2 felled obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 felled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fell past They the old oak tree rules
Meaning 3 Usage: noun, UK — kept apart, not parsed.
A hill or high moor in the north of England: the Lake District fells.
The tree, 14 words det cc amod conj case det nmod case nmod punct det compound compound conj punct root A DET hill NOUN or CCONJ high ADJ moor NOUN in ADP the DET north NOUN of ADP England PROPN : PUNCT the DET Lake PROPN District PROPN fells NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 hill det 2 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 or or CCONJ _ 5 moor cc 4 high high ADJ Degree=Pos 5 moor amod 5 moor moor NOUN Number=Sing 2 hill conj 6 in in ADP _ 8 north case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 north det 8 north north NOUN Number=Sing 5 moor nmod 9 of of ADP _ 10 England case 10 England England PROPN Number=Sing 8 north nmod 11 : : PUNCT _ 15 fells punct 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 fells det 13 Lake Lake PROPN Number=Sing 14 District compound 14 District District PROPN Number=Sing 15 fells compound 15 fells fell NOUN Number=Plur 2 hill conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 2 hill punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Meaning 4 Usage: adjective, old or poetry — kept apart, not parsed.
Cruel or terrible: «at one fell swoop» = all at once.
The tree, 11 words cc conj punct punct case nsubj conj obj punct punct advmod case advmod punct root Cruel ADJ or CCONJ terrible ADJ : PUNCT « PUNCT at ADP one NUM fell VERB swoop NOUN » PUNCT = SYM all ADV at ADP once ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cruel cruel ADJ Degree=Pos root root 2 or or CCONJ _ 3 terrible cc 3 terrible terrible ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Cruel conj 4 : : PUNCT _ 8 fell punct 5 « « PUNCT _ 8 fell punct 6 at at ADP _ 7 one case 7 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 fell nsubj 8 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 1 Cruel conj 9 swoop swoop NOUN Number=Sing 8 fell obj 10 » » PUNCT _ 9 swoop punct 11 = = SYM _ 14 once punct 12 all all ADV _ 14 once advmod 13 at at ADP _ 14 once case 14 once once ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Mult 8 fell advmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 1 Cruel punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fall in a quote past one swoop once property vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient swoop=Result
Example 1 I fell over and hurt my knee.
nsubj advmod cc conj nmod:poss obj punct root I PRON fell VERB over ADV and CCONJ hurt VERB my PRON knee NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 fell nsubj 2 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 over over ADV _ 2 fell advmod 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 hurt cc 5 hurt hurt VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 fell conj 6 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 knee nmod:poss 7 knee knee NOUN Number=Sing 5 hurt obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 fell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fall over past I over property vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 hurt infinitive I not said here my knee vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer knee=Patient
Example 2 The baby fell asleep in the car.
det nsubj xcomp case det obl punct root The DET baby NOUN fell VERB asleep ADJ in ADP the DET car NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 baby det 2 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 3 fell nsubj 3 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 asleep asleep ADJ Degree=Pos 3 fell xcomp 5 in in ADP _ 7 car case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 car det 7 car car NOUN Number=Sing 3 fell obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 fell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fall past the baby the car asleep property vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in car=Location
Example 3 The temperature fell from 12 °C to 4 °C, a fall of 8 degrees.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj case nummod compound obl case obl compound nmod:unmarked punct det obl case nummod nmod punct root The DET temperature NOUN fell VERB from ADP 12 NUM ° SYM C NOUN to ADP 4 NUM ° SYM C NOUN , PUNCT a DET fall NOUN of ADP 8 NUM degrees NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 temperature det 2 temperature temperature NOUN Number=Sing 3 fell nsubj 3 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 from from ADP _ 7 C case 5 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 C nummod 6 ° ° SYM _ 7 C compound 7 C c NOUN Number=Sing 3 fell obl 8 to to ADP _ 9 4 case 9 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 fell obl 10 ° ° SYM _ 11 C compound 11 C c NOUN Number=Sing 9 4 nmod:unmarked 12 , , PUNCT _ 14 fall punct 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 fall det 14 fall fall NOUN Number=Sing 3 fell obl 15 of of ADP _ 17 degrees case 16 8 8 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 17 degrees nummod 17 degrees degree NOUN Number=Plur 14 fall nmod 18 . . PUNCT _ 3 fell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fall past the temperature a fall of 8 degrees 12 ° C to 4 ° C vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from c=Initial_Location to 4=Destination
Example 4 Leaves fell from the trees in autumn.
nsubj case det obl case obl punct root Leaves NOUN fell VERB from ADP the DET trees NOUN in ADP autumn NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 2 fell nsubj 2 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 from from ADP _ 5 trees case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 trees det 5 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 2 fell obl 6 in in ADP _ 7 autumn case 7 autumn autumn NOUN Number=Sing 2 fell obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 fell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fall past Leaves the trees autumn vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from tree=Initial_Location
Example 5 The workers felled three tall trees.
det nsubj nummod amod obj punct root The DET workers NOUN felled VERB three NUM tall ADJ trees NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 workers det 2 workers worker NOUN Number=Plur 3 felled nsubj 3 felled fell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 trees nummod 5 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos 6 trees amod 6 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 3 felled obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 felled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fell past the workers three tall trees tree rules
Example 6 We walked up the fell to see the lake.
nsubj compound:prt det conj mark xcomp det obj punct root We PRON walked VERB up ADP the DET fell VERB to PART see VERB the DET lake NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 walked nsubj 2 walked walk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 up up ADP _ 2 walked compound:prt 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 fell det 5 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 walked conj 6 to to PART _ 7 see mark 7 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 fell xcomp 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 lake det 9 lake lake NOUN Number=Sing 7 see obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 walked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 walk up past We vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 fall past We not said here vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 3 see to-infinitive We not said here the lake vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer lake=Stimulus
Example 7 She fell in love with the puppy.
nsubj case obl case det obl punct root She PRON fell VERB in ADP love NOUN with ADP the DET puppy NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 fell nsubj 2 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 4 love case 4 love love NOUN Number=Sing 2 fell obl 5 with with ADP _ 7 puppy case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 puppy det 7 puppy puppy NOUN Number=Sing 2 fell obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 fell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fall past She love with the puppy vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in love=Location
Example 8 This lasted for a while, and then they came upon the fells.
nsubj case det obl punct cc advmod nsubj conj case det obl punct root This PRON lasted VERB for ADP a DET while NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ then ADV they PRON came VERB upon ADP the DET fells NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 This this PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 2 lasted nsubj 2 lasted last VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 for for ADP _ 5 while case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 while det 5 while while NOUN Number=Sing 2 lasted obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 10 came punct 7 and and CCONJ _ 10 came cc 8 then then ADV PronType=Dem 10 came advmod 9 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 came nsubj 10 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 lasted conj 11 upon upon ADP _ 13 fells case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 fells det 13 fells fell NOUN Number=Plur 10 came obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 lasted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 last past This while vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme 2 come past they the fells then vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon fell=Location
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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