fend Who acts: fend, Baby turtles, Mum, we, knight, She · What happens: fend, be, fend off, defend, push away, have · To what, where: someone, yourself, tackler, start, dragon, questions
«fend» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: fend in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To fend for yourself is to look after yourself without help.
mark advcl case obl cop mark case obl case obl punct root To PART fend VERB for ADP yourself PRON is AUX to PART look VERB after ADP yourself PRON without ADP help NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 fend mark 2 fend fend VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 look advcl 3 for for ADP _ 4 yourself case 4 yourself yourself PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 2 fend obl 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 look cop 6 to to PART _ 7 look mark 7 look look VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 after after ADP _ 9 yourself case 9 yourself yourself PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 7 look obl 10 without without ADP _ 11 help case 11 help help NOUN Number=Sing 7 look obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 look punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fend to-infinitive for yourself tree rules 2 is present after yourself without help; look property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To fend off someone or something is to push it away or defend yourself against it.
The tree, 16 words mark advcl compound:prt obj cc conj cop mark obj advmod cc conj obj case obl punct root To PART fend VERB off ADP someone PRON or CCONJ something PRON is AUX to PART push VERB it PRON away ADV or CCONJ defend VERB yourself PRON against ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 fend mark 2 fend fend VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 push advcl 3 off off ADP _ 2 fend compound:prt 4 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 fend obj 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 something cc 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 someone conj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 push cop 8 to to PART _ 9 push mark 9 push push VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 push obj 11 away away ADV _ 9 push advmod 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 defend cc 13 defend defend VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 9 push conj 14 yourself yourself PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 13 defend obj 15 against against ADP _ 16 it case 16 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 defend obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 9 push punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fend off to-infinitive someone tree rules 2 is present away, push property tree rules 3 defend infinitive yourself against it vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent yourself=Beneficiary against it=Theme
Meaning 3 Usage: rugby — kept apart, not parsed.
A fend or hand-off is pushing away a tackler with your arm.
The tree, 13 words det nsubj cc compound punct conj aux advmod det obj case nmod:poss obl punct root A DET fend NOUN or CCONJ hand NOUN - PUNCT off NOUN is AUX pushing VERB away ADV a DET tackler NOUN with ADP your PRON arm NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 fend det 2 fend fend NOUN Number=Sing 8 pushing nsubj 3 or or CCONJ _ 6 off cc 4 hand hand NOUN Number=Sing 6 off compound 5 - - PUNCT _ 4 hand punct 6 off off NOUN Number=Sing 2 fend conj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 pushing aux 8 pushing push VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 9 away away ADV _ 8 pushing advmod 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 tackler det 11 tackler tackler NOUN Number=Sing 8 pushing obj 12 with with ADP _ 14 arm case 13 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 14 arm nmod:poss 14 arm arm NOUN Number=Sing 8 pushing obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 8 pushing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 push away present · progressive a fend or hand off a tackler with your arm; away property vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tackler=Theme
Example 1 Baby turtles must fend for themselves from the start.
compound nsubj aux case obl case det obl punct root Baby NOUN turtles NOUN must AUX fend VERB for ADP themselves PRON from ADP the DET start NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 2 turtles compound 2 turtles turtle NOUN Number=Plur 4 fend nsubj 3 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 fend aux 4 fend fend VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 for for ADP _ 6 themselves case 6 themselves themselves PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 4 fend obl 7 from from ADP _ 9 start case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 start det 9 start start NOUN Number=Sing 4 fend obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 fend punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fend must Baby turtles the start for turtles = turtle tree rules
Example 2 When Mum was ill, we had to fend for ourselves at dinner time.
The tree, 13 words mark nsubj cop punct nsubj conj mark xcomp case obl case compound obl punct root When SCONJ Mum NOUN was AUX ill ADJ , PUNCT we PRON had VERB to PART fend VERB for ADP ourselves PRON at ADP dinner NOUN time NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when SCONJ _ 4 ill mark 2 Mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 4 ill nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 ill cop 4 ill ill ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 had punct 6 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 had nsubj 7 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 ill conj 8 to to PART _ 9 fend mark 9 fend fend VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 had xcomp 10 for for ADP _ 11 ourselves case 11 ourselves ourselves PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 9 fend obl 12 at at ADP _ 14 time case 13 dinner dinner NOUN Number=Sing 14 time compound 14 time time NOUN Number=Sing 9 fend obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 ill punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past Mum ill property tree rules 2 have past we tree rules 3 fend to-infinitive we not said here time for ourselves tree rules
Example 3 The knight fended off the dragon with his shield.
det nsubj case det obl case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET knight NOUN fended VERB off ADP the DET dragon NOUN with ADP his PRON shield NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 knight det 2 knight knight NOUN Number=Sing 3 fended nsubj 3 fended fend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 off off ADP _ 6 dragon case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 dragon det 6 dragon dragon NOUN Number=Sing 3 fended obl 7 with with ADP _ 9 shield case 8 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 shield nmod:poss 9 shield shield NOUN Number=Sing 3 fended obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 fended punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fend off past the knight the dragon with knight's shield tree rules
Example 4 She fended off the reporters' questions.
nsubj case det nmod:poss case obl punct root She PRON fended VERB off ADP the DET reporters NOUN ' PART questions NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 fended nsubj 2 fended fend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 off off ADP _ 7 questions case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 reporters det 5 reporters reporter NOUN Number=Plur 7 questions nmod:poss 6 ' 's PART _ 5 reporters case 7 questions question NOUN Number=Plur 2 fended obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 fended punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fend off past She the reporters's questions tree rules 2 question the reporters nom question «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 5 The goalkeeper fended off a hard shot.
det nsubj compound:prt det amod obj punct root The DET goalkeeper NOUN fended VERB off ADP a DET hard ADJ shot NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 goalkeeper det 2 goalkeeper goalkeeper NOUN Number=Sing 3 fended nsubj 3 fended fend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 off off ADP _ 3 fended compound:prt 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 shot det 6 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 7 shot amod 7 shot shot NOUN Number=Sing 3 fended obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 fended punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fend off past the goalkeeper a hard shot tree rules
Example 6 Fox cubs learn to fend for themselves by autumn.
compound nsubj mark xcomp case obl case obl punct root Fox NOUN cubs NOUN learn VERB to PART fend VERB for ADP themselves PRON by ADP autumn NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Fox fox NOUN Number=Sing 2 cubs compound 2 cubs cub NOUN Number=Plur 3 learn nsubj 3 learn learn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 fend mark 5 fend fend VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 learn xcomp 6 for for ADP _ 7 themselves case 7 themselves themselves PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 5 fend obl 8 by by ADP _ 9 autumn case 9 autumn autumn NOUN Number=Sing 5 fend obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 learn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 learn present Fox cubs vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 fend to-infinitive Fox cubs not said here autumn for cubs = cub tree rules
Example 7 The following morning, instead of one, three cows stood on the island, and they all ate seaweed and fended for themselves like the first one.
The tree, 25 words det amod obl punct case fixed obl punct nummod nsubj case det obl punct cc nsubj advmod conj obj cc conj case obl ccomp det amod obj punct root The DET following VERB morning NOUN , PUNCT instead ADV of ADP one NUM , PUNCT three NUM cows NOUN stood VERB on ADP the DET island NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ they PRON all DET ate VERB seaweed NOUN and CCONJ fended VERB for ADP themselves PRON like VERB the DET first ADJ one NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 morning det 2 following follow VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 morning amod 3 morning morning NOUN Number=Sing 11 stood obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 7 one punct 5 instead instead ADV ExtPos=ADP 7 one case 6 of of ADP _ 5 instead fixed 7 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 11 stood obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 cows punct 9 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 10 cows nummod 10 cows cow NOUN Number=Plur 11 stood nsubj 11 stood stand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 12 on on ADP _ 14 island case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 island det 14 island island NOUN Number=Sing 11 stood obl 15 , , PUNCT _ 19 ate punct 16 and and CCONJ _ 19 ate cc 17 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 19 ate nsubj 18 all all DET PronType=Tot 19 ate advmod 19 ate eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 stood conj 20 seaweed seaweed NOUN Number=Sing 19 ate obj 21 and and CCONJ _ 22 fended cc 22 fended fend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 stood conj 23 for for ADP _ 24 themselves case 24 themselves themselves PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 22 fended obl 25 like like VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 22 fended ccomp 26 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 28 one det 27 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 28 one amod 28 one one NOUN Number=Sing 25 like obj 29 . . PUNCT _ 11 stood punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 follow gerund vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 stand past three cows the island morning instead one vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on island=Location 3 eat past cows = cow seaweed vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seaweed=Patient 4 fend past three cows not said here for cows = cow tree rules 5 like present three cows not said here the first one vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot one=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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