filament Who acts: filament, thin wire, electricity, bulb, stamen, Spiders · What happens: be, glow, pass, use, break, stop · To what, where: thin thread, thin wire, style light bulb, filament, plastic thread, 3D printers
«filament» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: filament in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A filament is a very thin thread or wire.
det nsubj cop det advmod amod cc conj punct root A DET filament NOUN is AUX a DET very ADV thin ADJ thread NOUN or CCONJ wire NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 filament det 2 filament filament NOUN Number=Sing 7 thread nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 thread cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 thread det 5 very very ADV _ 6 thin advmod 6 thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos 7 thread amod 7 thread thread NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 wire cc 9 wire wire NOUN Number=Sing 7 thread conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 thread punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a filament a thin thread or wire tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 In an old-style light bulb, the filament is the thin wire that glows when electricity passes through it.
The tree, 19 words case det amod punct compound compound obl punct det nsubj cop det amod nsubj acl:relcl advmod nsubj advcl case obl punct root In ADP an DET old ADJ - PUNCT style NOUN light NOUN bulb NOUN , PUNCT the DET filament NOUN is AUX the DET thin ADJ wire NOUN that PRON glows VERB when ADV electricity NOUN passes VERB through ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 7 bulb case 2 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 bulb det 3 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 5 style amod 4 - - PUNCT _ 3 old punct 5 style style NOUN Number=Sing 7 bulb compound 6 light light NOUN Number=Sing 7 bulb compound 7 bulb bulb NOUN Number=Sing 14 wire obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 7 bulb punct 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 filament det 10 filament filament NOUN Number=Sing 14 wire nsubj 11 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 wire cop 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 wire det 13 thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos 14 wire amod 14 wire wire NOUN Number=Sing root root 15 that that PRON PronType=Rel 16 glows nsubj 16 glows glow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 wire acl:relcl 17 when when ADV PronType=Int 19 passes advmod 18 electricity electricity NOUN Number=Sing 19 passes nsubj 19 passes pass VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 glows advcl 20 through through ADP _ 21 it case 21 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 19 passes obl 22 . . PUNCT _ 14 wire punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the filament the thin wire a style light bulb tree rules 2 glow present the thin wire vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 pass present electricity filament vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through it=Location
Meaning 3 Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.
A thin thread in living things, such as in fungi, plants or a flower's stamen.
The tree, 16 words det amod case amod nmod punct case fixed fixed nmod punct conj cc det nmod:poss case conj punct root A DET thin ADJ thread NOUN in ADP living ADJ things NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP in ADP fungi NOUN , PUNCT plants NOUN or CCONJ a DET flower NOUN 's PART stamen NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 thread det 2 thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos 3 thread amod 3 thread thread NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 things case 5 living living ADJ Degree=Pos 6 things amod 6 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 3 thread nmod 7 , , PUNCT _ 11 fungi punct 8 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 11 fungi case 9 as as ADP _ 8 such fixed 10 in in ADP _ 8 such fixed 11 fungi fungus NOUN Number=Plur 6 things nmod 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 plants punct 13 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 11 fungi conj 14 or or CCONJ _ 18 stamen cc 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 flower det 16 flower flower NOUN Number=Sing 18 stamen nmod:poss 17 's 's PART _ 16 flower case 18 stamen stamen NOUN Number=Sing 11 fungi conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 3 thread punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Meaning 4 The plastic thread used in 3D printers.
det amod acl case amod obl punct root The DET plastic ADJ thread NOUN used VERB in ADP 3D ADJ printers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 thread det 2 plastic plastic ADJ Degree=Pos 3 thread amod 3 thread thread NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 thread acl 5 in in ADP _ 7 printers case 6 3D 3d ADJ Degree=Pos 7 printers amod 7 printers printer NOUN Number=Plur 4 used obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 thread punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use participle the plastic thread not said here 3D printers vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 The filament in the bulb glowed bright orange.
det nsubj case det nmod amod xcomp punct root The DET filament NOUN in ADP the DET bulb NOUN glowed VERB bright ADJ orange ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 filament det 2 filament filament NOUN Number=Sing 6 glowed nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 5 bulb case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 bulb det 5 bulb bulb NOUN Number=Sing 2 filament nmod 6 glowed glow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 bright bright ADJ Degree=Pos 8 orange amod 8 orange orange ADJ Degree=Pos 6 glowed xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 glowed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 glow past the filament in the bulb orange property vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 When the filament breaks, the bulb stops working.
advmod det nsubj advcl punct det nsubj xcomp punct root When ADV the DET filament NOUN breaks VERB , PUNCT the DET bulb NOUN stops VERB working VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when ADV PronType=Int 4 breaks advmod 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 filament det 3 filament filament NOUN Number=Sing 4 breaks nsubj 4 breaks break VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 stops advcl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 breaks punct 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 bulb det 7 bulb bulb NOUN Number=Sing 8 stops nsubj 8 stops stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 working work VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 stops xcomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 8 stops punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break present the filament vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 2 stop present the bulb vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 3 work gerund the bulb not said here vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 The stamen of a flower has a filament and an anther.
det nsubj case det nmod det obj cc det conj punct root The DET stamen NOUN of ADP a DET flower NOUN has VERB a DET filament NOUN and CCONJ an DET anther NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 stamen det 2 stamen stamen NOUN Number=Sing 6 has nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 5 flower case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 flower det 5 flower flower NOUN Number=Sing 2 stamen nmod 6 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 filament det 8 filament filament NOUN Number=Sing 6 has obj 9 and and CCONJ _ 11 anther cc 10 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 anther det 11 anther anther NOUN Number=Sing 8 filament conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the stamen of a flower a filament and a anther vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent filament=Patient
Example 4 Spiders spin silk filaments.
nsubj compound obj punct root Spiders NOUN spin VERB silk NOUN filaments NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Spiders spider NOUN Number=Plur 2 spin nsubj 2 spin spin VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 silk silk NOUN Number=Sing 4 filaments compound 4 filaments filament NOUN Number=Plur 2 spin obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 spin punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spin present Spiders silk filaments vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent filament=Theme
Example 5 Our 3D printer uses plastic filament.
nmod:poss amod nsubj amod obj punct root Our PRON 3D ADJ printer NOUN uses VERB plastic ADJ filament NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 printer nmod:poss 2 3D 3d ADJ Degree=Pos 3 printer amod 3 printer printer NOUN Number=Sing 4 uses nsubj 4 uses use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 plastic plastic ADJ Degree=Pos 6 filament amod 6 filament filament NOUN Number=Sing 4 uses obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 uses punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present Our 3D printer plastic filament vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent filament=Patient
Example 6 Fungi grow tiny filaments under the ground.
nsubj amod obj case det obl punct root Fungi NOUN grow VERB tiny ADJ filaments NOUN under ADP the DET ground NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Fungi fungus NOUN Number=Plur 2 grow nsubj 2 grow grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 4 filaments amod 4 filaments filament NOUN Number=Plur 2 grow obj 5 under under ADP _ 7 ground case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 ground det 7 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing 2 grow obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 grow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present Fungi tiny filaments the ground vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location filament=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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