finch Who acts: finch, short strong shaped beak, goldfinch, Finches, Darwin, chaffinch · What happens: be, shape, crack, come, study, have · To what, where: small songbird, seeds, bird feeder, finches, one, beak · Speech: someone speaks here
«finch» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: finch in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A finch is a small songbird with a short, strong, cone-shaped beak for cracking seeds, such as a goldfinch, chaffinch or greenfinch.
The tree, 23 words det nsubj cop det amod case det amod punct amod punct compound punct amod nmod mark acl obj punct case fixed det conj punct conj cc conj punct root A DET finch NOUN is AUX a DET small ADJ songbird NOUN with ADP a DET short ADJ , PUNCT strong ADJ , PUNCT cone NOUN - PUNCT shaped VERB beak NOUN for SCONJ cracking VERB seeds NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP a DET goldfinch NOUN , PUNCT chaffinch NOUN or CCONJ greenfinch NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 finch det 2 finch finch NOUN Number=Sing 6 songbird nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 songbird cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 songbird det 5 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 6 songbird amod 6 songbird songbird NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 with with ADP _ 16 beak case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 beak det 9 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 16 beak amod 10 , , PUNCT _ 9 short punct 11 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 16 beak amod 12 , , PUNCT _ 11 strong punct 13 cone cone NOUN Number=Sing 15 shaped compound 14 - - PUNCT _ 13 cone punct 15 shaped shape VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 16 beak amod 16 beak beak NOUN Number=Sing 6 songbird nmod 17 for for SCONJ _ 18 cracking mark 18 cracking crack VERB VerbForm=Ger 16 beak acl 19 seeds seed NOUN Number=Plur 18 cracking obj 20 , , PUNCT _ 24 goldfinch punct 21 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 24 goldfinch case 22 as as ADP _ 21 such fixed 23 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 24 goldfinch det 24 goldfinch goldfinch NOUN Number=Sing 19 seeds conj 25 , , PUNCT _ 26 chaffinch punct 26 chaffinch chaffinch NOUN Number=Sing 24 goldfinch conj 27 or or CCONJ _ 28 greenfinch cc 28 greenfinch greenfinch NOUN Number=Sing 24 goldfinch conj 29 . . PUNCT _ 6 songbird punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a finch a small songbird with a short strong shaped beak tree rules 2 shape participle vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 3 crack gerund a short strong shaped beak not said here seeds and a goldfinch and chaffinch or greenfinch vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location seed=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 A goldfinch came to our bird feeder.
det nsubj case nmod:poss compound obl punct root A DET goldfinch NOUN came VERB to ADP our PRON bird NOUN feeder NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 goldfinch det 2 goldfinch goldfinch NOUN Number=Sing 3 came nsubj 3 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to ADP _ 7 feeder case 5 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 feeder nmod:poss 6 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing 7 feeder compound 7 feeder feeder NOUN Number=Sing 3 came obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past a goldfinch our bird feeder vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to feeder=Initial_Location
Example 2 Finches crack seeds with their strong beaks.
nsubj obj case nmod:poss amod obl punct root Finches NOUN crack VERB seeds NOUN with ADP their PRON strong ADJ beaks NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Finches finch NOUN Number=Plur 2 crack nsubj 2 crack crack VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 seeds seed NOUN Number=Plur 2 crack obj 4 with with ADP _ 7 beaks case 5 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 beaks nmod:poss 6 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 7 beaks amod 7 beaks beak NOUN Number=Plur 2 crack obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 crack punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 crack present Finches seeds with Finches's strong beaks vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent seed=Patient with beak=Instrument
Example 3 Darwin studied the finches of the Galápagos Islands.
nsubj det obj case det compound nmod punct root Darwin PROPN studied VERB the DET finches NOUN of ADP the DET Galápagos PROPN Islands PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Darwin Darwin PROPN Number=Sing 2 studied nsubj 2 studied study VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 finches det 4 finches finch NOUN Number=Plur 2 studied obj 5 of of ADP _ 8 Islands case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 Islands det 7 Galápagos Galápagos PROPN Number=Sing 8 Islands compound 8 Islands Island PROPN Number=Plur 4 finches nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 studied punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 study past Darwin the finches of the Galápagos Islands vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent finch=Topic
Example 4 The chaffinch is one of the commonest birds in Britain.
det nsubj cop case det amod nmod case nmod punct root The DET chaffinch NOUN is AUX one NUM of ADP the DET commonest ADJ birds NOUN in ADP Britain PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 chaffinch det 2 chaffinch chaffinch NOUN Number=Sing 4 one nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 one cop 4 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 5 of of ADP _ 8 birds case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 birds det 7 commonest common ADJ Degree=Sup 8 birds amod 8 birds bird NOUN Number=Plur 4 one nmod 9 in in ADP _ 10 Britain case 10 Britain Britain PROPN Number=Sing 8 birds nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 one punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the chaffinch one of the commonest birds in Britain tree rules
Example 5 Each kind of finch had a beak shaped for its food.
det nsubj case nmod det obj acl case nmod:poss obl punct root Each DET kind NOUN of ADP finch NOUN had VERB a DET beak NOUN shaped VERB for ADP its PRON food NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 kind det 2 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing 5 had nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 finch case 4 finch finch NOUN Number=Sing 2 kind nmod 5 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 beak det 7 beak beak NOUN Number=Sing 5 had obj 8 shaped shape VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 beak acl 9 for for ADP _ 11 food case 10 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 food nmod:poss 11 food food NOUN Number=Sing 8 shaped obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past each kind of finch a beak vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beak=Patient 2 shape participle a beak not said here for kind's food vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent for food=Asset
Example 6 A group of goldfinches is called a charm.
det nsubj:pass case nmod aux:pass det xcomp punct root A DET group NOUN of ADP goldfinches NOUN is AUX called VERB a DET charm NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 group det 2 group group NOUN Number=Sing 6 called nsubj:pass 3 of of ADP _ 4 goldfinches case 4 goldfinches goldfinch NOUN Number=Plur 2 group nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 called aux:pass 6 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 charm det 8 charm charm NOUN Number=Sing 6 called xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present · passive a group of goldfinches vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 7 But the field and wood sparrows, the larks and finches, blackbirds and green finches had picked up the millet long ago, and the girl could not find her way.
The tree, 29 words cc det obl:unmarked cc compound conj punct det nsubj:pass cc conj punct conj cc amod conj aux compound:prt det obj advmod advmod punct cc det nsubj aux advmod advcl nmod:poss obj punct root But CCONJ the DET field NOUN and CCONJ wood NOUN sparrows NOUN , PUNCT the DET larks NOUN and CCONJ finches NOUN , PUNCT blackbirds NOUN and CCONJ green ADJ finches NOUN had AUX picked VERB up ADP the DET millet NOUN long ADV ago ADV , PUNCT and CCONJ the DET girl NOUN could AUX not PART find VERB her PRON way NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 But but CCONJ _ 18 picked cc 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 field det 3 field field NOUN Number=Sing 18 picked obl:unmarked 4 and and CCONJ _ 6 sparrows cc 5 wood wood NOUN Number=Sing 6 sparrows compound 6 sparrows sparrow NOUN Number=Plur 3 field conj 7 , , PUNCT _ 3 field punct 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 larks det 9 larks lark NOUN Number=Plur 18 picked nsubj:pass 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 finches cc 11 finches finch NOUN Number=Plur 9 larks conj 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 blackbirds punct 13 blackbirds blackbird NOUN Number=Plur 9 larks conj 14 and and CCONJ _ 16 finches cc 15 green green ADJ Degree=Pos 16 finches amod 16 finches finch NOUN Number=Plur 9 larks conj 17 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 18 picked aux 18 picked pick VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 19 up up ADP _ 18 picked compound:prt 20 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 21 millet det 21 millet millet NOUN Number=Sing 18 picked obj 22 long long ADV Degree=Pos 23 ago advmod 23 ago ago ADV _ 18 picked advmod 24 , , PUNCT _ 30 find punct 25 and and CCONJ _ 30 find cc 26 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 27 girl det 27 girl girl NOUN Number=Sing 30 find nsubj 28 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 30 find aux 29 not not PART Polarity=Neg 30 find advmod 30 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 18 picked advcl 31 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 32 way nmod:poss 32 way way NOUN Number=Sing 30 find obj 33 . . PUNCT _ 18 picked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pick up past · perfect · passive the larks and finches and blackbirds and green finches the field and wood sparrows obl:unmarked ; ago property tree rules 2 not find could the girl girl's way vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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