flail Who acts: flail, He, Tom, boy · What happens: be, swing, beat, not bring, thud, flail · To what, where: old farm tool, wooden stick, handle, grain, husks, arms
«flail» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 4 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: flail in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A flail is an old farm tool: a wooden stick swung on a handle to beat grain from its husks.
The tree, 20 words det nsubj cop det amod compound punct det amod conj acl case det obl mark advcl obj case nmod:poss obl punct root A DET flail NOUN is AUX an DET old ADJ farm NOUN tool NOUN : PUNCT a DET wooden ADJ stick NOUN swung VERB on ADP a DET handle NOUN to PART beat VERB grain NOUN from ADP its PRON husks NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 flail det 2 flail flail NOUN Number=Sing 7 tool nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 tool cop 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 tool det 5 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 7 tool amod 6 farm farm NOUN Number=Sing 7 tool compound 7 tool tool NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 : : PUNCT _ 11 stick punct 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 stick det 10 wooden wooden ADJ Degree=Pos 11 stick amod 11 stick stick NOUN Number=Sing 7 tool conj 12 swung swing VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 11 stick acl 13 on on ADP _ 15 handle case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 handle det 15 handle handle NOUN Number=Sing 12 swung obl 16 to to PART _ 17 beat mark 17 beat beat VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 swung advcl 18 grain grain NOUN Number=Sing 17 beat obj 19 from from ADP _ 21 husks case 20 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 21 husks nmod:poss 21 husks husk NOUN Number=Plur 17 beat obl 22 . . PUNCT _ 7 tool punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a flail a old farm tool and a wooden stick tree rules 2 swing participle a wooden stick not said here a handle vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme on handle=Trajectory 3 beat to-infinitive grain flail's husks vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location grain=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To flail is to wave or swing the arms or legs wildly.
mark advcl cop mark cc conj det obj cc conj advmod punct root To PART flail NOUN is AUX to PART wave VERB or CCONJ swing VERB the DET arms NOUN or CCONJ legs NOUN wildly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 flail mark 2 flail flail NOUN Number=Sing 5 wave advcl 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 wave cop 4 to to PART _ 5 wave mark 5 wave wave VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 swing cc 7 swing swing VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 wave conj 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 arms det 9 arms arm NOUN Number=Plur 7 swing obj 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 legs cc 11 legs leg NOUN Number=Plur 9 arms conj 12 wildly wildly ADV _ 7 swing advmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 wave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present wave property tree rules 2 swing infinitive the arms or legs wildly property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent arm=Theme
Example 1 He beat the corn with a flail in the barn.
nsubj det obj case det nmod case det nmod punct root He PRON beat VERB the DET corn NOUN with ADP a DET flail NOUN in ADP the DET barn NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 beat nsubj 2 beat beat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 corn det 4 corn corn NOUN Number=Sing 2 beat obj 5 with with ADP _ 7 flail case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 flail det 7 flail flail NOUN Number=Sing 4 corn nmod 8 in in ADP _ 10 barn case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 barn det 10 barn barn NOUN Number=Sing 7 flail nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 beat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 beat past He the corn with a flail in the barn vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent corn=Patient with flail=Instrument
Example 2 Tom would not bring the flail into the palace.
nsubj aux advmod det obj case det obl punct root Tom PROPN would AUX not PART bring VERB the DET flail NOUN into ADP the DET palace NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 4 bring nsubj 2 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 bring aux 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 bring advmod 4 bring bring VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 flail det 6 flail flail NOUN Number=Sing 4 bring obj 7 into into ADP _ 9 palace case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 palace det 9 palace palace NOUN Number=Sing 4 bring obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 bring punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not bring would Tom the flail the palace vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent flail=Theme into palace=Destination
Example 3 The farmer's flail thudded on the grain.
det nmod:poss case acl case det obl punct root The DET farmer NOUN 's PART flail NOUN thudded VERB on ADP the DET grain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 farmer det 2 farmer farmer NOUN Number=Sing 4 flail nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 farmer case 4 flail flail NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 thudded thud VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 flail acl 6 on on ADP _ 8 grain case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 grain det 8 grain grain NOUN Number=Sing 5 thudded obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 flail punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 thud participle the farmer's flail not said here the grain vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on grain=Location
Example 4 The boy flailed his arms as he fell.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj mark nsubj advcl punct root The DET boy NOUN flailed VERB his PRON arms NOUN as SCONJ he PRON fell VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 boy det 2 boy boy NOUN Number=Sing 3 flailed nsubj 3 flailed flail VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 arms nmod:poss 5 arms arm NOUN Number=Plur 3 flailed obj 6 as as SCONJ _ 8 fell mark 7 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 fell nsubj 8 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 flailed advcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 flailed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 flail past the boy boy's arms vn spank-18.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Patient 2 fall past boy vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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