flame Who acts: flame, you, candle, flames, house, car · What happens: burn, be, see, flame, mean, turn · To what, where: hot bright burning gas, fire, flame, flames, sleeves, wind
«flame» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: flame in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A flame is the hot, bright, burning gas you see in a fire: the flame of a candle.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj cop det amod punct amod punct amod nsubj acl:relcl case det obl punct det conj case det nmod punct root A DET flame NOUN is AUX the DET hot ADJ , PUNCT bright ADJ , PUNCT burning VERB gas NOUN you PRON see VERB in ADP a DET fire NOUN : PUNCT the DET flame NOUN of ADP a DET candle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 flame det 2 flame flame NOUN Number=Sing 10 gas nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 gas cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 gas det 5 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 10 gas amod 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 hot punct 7 bright bright ADJ Degree=Pos 10 gas amod 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 burning punct 9 burning burn VERB VerbForm=Ger 10 gas amod 10 gas gas NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 12 see nsubj 12 see see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 gas acl:relcl 13 in in ADP _ 15 fire case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 fire det 15 fire fire NOUN Number=Sing 12 see obl 16 : : PUNCT _ 18 flame punct 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 flame det 18 flame flame NOUN Number=Sing 15 fire conj 19 of of ADP _ 21 candle case 20 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 21 candle det 21 candle candle NOUN Number=Sing 18 flame nmod 22 . . PUNCT _ 10 gas punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 burn gerund vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is a present a flame the hot bright burning gas tree rules 3 see present you the hot bright burning gas not said here a fire and the flame of a candle vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer gas=Stimulus 4 flame a candle nom flame «process intransitive»: of=agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 «In flames» means burning.
punct case nsubj punct xcomp punct root « PUNCT In ADP flames NOUN » PUNCT means VERB burning VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 flames punct 2 In in ADP _ 3 flames case 3 flames flame NOUN Number=Plur 5 means nsubj 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 flames punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 burning burn VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 means xcomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present flames vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 burn not said to happen gerund flames not said here vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 3 To flame is to burn brightly or turn bright red.
mark nsubj cop mark advmod cc conj amod xcomp punct root To PART flame NOUN is AUX to PART burn VERB brightly ADV or CCONJ turn VERB bright ADJ red ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 flame mark 2 flame flame NOUN Number=Sing 5 burn nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 burn cop 4 to to PART _ 5 burn mark 5 burn burn VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 brightly brightly ADV _ 5 burn advmod 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 turn cc 8 turn turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 burn conj 9 bright bright ADJ Degree=Pos 10 red amod 10 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 8 turn xcomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 burn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present flame brightly, burn property tree rules 2 turn present flame not said here red property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 Blow out the flame of the candle.
compound:prt det obj case det nmod punct root Blow VERB out ADP the DET flame NOUN of ADP the DET candle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Blow blow VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 out out ADP _ 1 Blow compound:prt 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 flame det 4 flame flame NOUN Number=Sing 1 Blow obj 5 of of ADP _ 7 candle case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 candle det 7 candle candle NOUN Number=Sing 4 flame nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Blow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 blow out imperative you not said here the flame of the candle vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent flame=Patient 2 flame the candle nom flame «process intransitive»: of=agent
Example 2 The house was in flames.
det nsubj cop case punct root The DET house NOUN was AUX in ADP flames NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 house det 2 house house NOUN Number=Sing 5 flames nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 flames cop 4 in in ADP _ 5 flames case 5 flames flame NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 flames punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the house flames tree rules
Example 3 Keep your sleeves away from the flame.
nmod:poss obj advmod case det obl punct root Keep VERB your PRON sleeves NOUN away ADV from ADP the DET flame NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Keep keep VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 sleeves nmod:poss 3 sleeves sleeve NOUN Number=Plur 1 Keep obj 4 away away ADV _ 1 Keep advmod 5 from from ADP _ 7 flame case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 flame det 7 flame flame NOUN Number=Sing 4 away obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep imperative you not said here your sleeves away property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sleeve=Theme
Example 4 The flame flickered in the wind.
det acl case det obl punct root The DET flame NOUN flickered VERB in ADP the DET wind NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 flame det 2 flame flame NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 flickered flicker VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 flame acl 4 in in ADP _ 6 wind case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 wind det 6 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 3 flickered obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 flame punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 flicker participle the flame not said here the wind vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wind=Location
Example 5 The car burst into flames.
det nsubj case obl punct root The DET car NOUN burst VERB into ADP flames NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 car det 2 car car NOUN Number=Sing 3 burst nsubj 3 burst burst VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 into into ADP _ 5 flames case 5 flames flame NOUN Number=Plur 3 burst obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 burst punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 burst past the car flames vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 If your clothes catch fire, stop, drop and roll.
mark nmod:poss nsubj advcl obj punct punct conj cc conj punct root If SCONJ your PRON clothes NOUN catch VERB fire NOUN , PUNCT stop VERB , PUNCT drop VERB and CCONJ roll VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 4 catch mark 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 clothes nmod:poss 3 clothes clothes NOUN Number=Ptan 4 catch nsubj 4 catch catch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 stop advcl 5 fire fire NOUN Number=Sing 4 catch obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 4 catch punct 7 stop stop VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 drop punct 9 drop drop VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 7 stop conj 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 roll cc 11 roll roll VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 9 drop conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 stop punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 catch a condition, not said to happen present your clothes fire vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Theme 2 stop imperative you not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 3 drop infinitive you not said here vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme 4 roll infinitive you not said here vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 7 A blue flame is hotter than a yellow one.
det amod nsubj cop case det amod obl punct root A DET blue ADJ flame NOUN is AUX hotter ADJ than ADP a DET yellow ADJ one NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 flame det 2 blue blue ADJ Degree=Pos 3 flame amod 3 flame flame NOUN Number=Sing 5 hotter nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 hotter cop 5 hotter hot ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 6 than than ADP _ 9 one case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 one det 8 yellow yellow ADJ Degree=Pos 9 one amod 9 one one NOUN Number=Sing 5 hotter obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 hotter punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a blue flame than a yellow one; hot property tree rules
Example 8 Never play with flames.
advmod case obl punct root Never ADV play VERB with ADP flames NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 play advmod 2 play play VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 with with ADP _ 4 flames case 4 flames flame NOUN Number=Plur 2 play obl 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 play punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not play imperative you not said here with flames vn play-114.2-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with flame=Theme
Example 9 The flames were breaking out from below.
det nsubj aux compound:prt case obl punct root The DET flames NOUN were AUX breaking VERB out ADP from ADP below ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 flames det 2 flames flame NOUN Number=Plur 4 breaking nsubj 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 breaking aux 4 breaking break VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 out out ADP _ 4 breaking compound:prt 6 from from ADP _ 7 below case 7 below below ADV _ 4 breaking obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 breaking punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break out past · progressive the flames vn split-23.2 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient from below=Co-Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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