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flashlight

Who acts: flashlight, you, power, We, Light · What happens: be, hold, power, call, mean, shine · To what, where: small electric light, hand, flashlight, flash, camera, bed · Speech: someone speaks here

«flashlight» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: flashlight in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A flashlight is a small electric light you hold in your hand, powered by batteries; in the UK, Ireland and Australia it is usually called a torch.

The tree, 27 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 flashlight	det
2	flashlight	flashlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 light	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 light	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 light	det
5	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 light	amod
6	electric	electric	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 light	amod
7	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	9 hold	nsubj
9	hold	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 light	acl:relcl
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 hand	case
11	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 hand	nmod:poss
12	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 hold	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 powered	punct
14	powered	power	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 hand	acl
15	by	by	ADP	_	16 batteries	case
16	batteries	battery	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 powered	obl
17	;	;	PUNCT	_	20 UK	punct
18	in	in	ADP	_	20 UK	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 UK	det
20	UK	UK	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 light	parataxis
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 Ireland	punct
22	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 UK	conj
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 Australia	cc
24	Australia	Australia	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 UK	conj
25	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 called	nsubj:pass
26	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	28 called	aux:pass
27	usually	usually	ADV	_	28 called	advmod
28	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 light	parataxis
29	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	30 torch	det
30	torch	torch	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 called	xcomp
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 light	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a flashlight	a small electric light					tree rules
2	hold	present	you	a small electric light not said here		your hand			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent light=Theme in hand=Location
3	power	participle		your hand not said here				by batteries	tree rules
4	call	present · passive		flashlight				usually property	vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Flashlight can also mean the flash on a camera.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Flashlight	flashlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 mean	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 mean	aux
3	also	also	ADV	_	4 mean	advmod
4	mean	mean	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 flash	det
6	flash	flash	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 mean	obj
7	on	on	ADP	_	9 camera	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 camera	det
9	camera	camera	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 flash	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 mean	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	can	Flashlight	the flash		a camera			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flash=Topic

Example 1

Shine the flashlight under the bed.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Shine	shine	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 flashlight	det
3	flashlight	flashlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Shine	obj
4	under	under	ADP	_	6 bed	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 bed	det
6	bed	bed	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Shine	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Shine	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shine	imperative	you not said here	the flashlight		the bed			vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent flashlight=Theme

Example 2

Keep a flashlight ready in case the power goes out.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 flashlight	det
3	flashlight	flashlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Keep	obj
4	ready	ready	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Keep	xcomp
5	in	in	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	9 goes	mark
6	case	case	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 in	fixed
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 power	det
8	power	power	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 goes	nsubj
9	goes	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Keep	advcl
10	out	out	ADP	_	9 goes	compound:prt
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Keep	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	imperative	you not said here	a flashlight				ready property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flashlight=Theme
2	go out	present	the power						vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 3

We read stories under the covers with a flashlight.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 read	nsubj
2	read	read	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	stories	story	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 read	obj
4	under	under	ADP	_	6 covers	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 covers	det
6	covers	cover	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 read	obl
7	with	with	ADP	_	9 flashlight	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 flashlight	det
9	flashlight	flashlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 read	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 read	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	read	past	We	stories		the covers		with a flashlight	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent story=Topic

Example 4

The flashlight needs new batteries.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 flashlight	det
2	flashlight	flashlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 needs	nsubj
3	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 batteries	amod
5	batteries	battery	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 needs	obj
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 needs	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	need	present	the flashlight	new batteries					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot battery=Theme

Example 5

Light travels in straight lines from the flashlight.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 travels	nsubj
2	travels	travel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 lines	case
4	straight	straight	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 lines	amod
5	lines	line	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 travels	obl
6	from	from	ADP	_	8 flashlight	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 flashlight	det
8	flashlight	flashlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 lines	nmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 travels	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	travel	present	Light			straight lines from the flashlight			vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in line=Trajectory

Example 6

The beam of the flashlight lit up the cave.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 beam	det
2	beam	beam	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 flashlight	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 flashlight	det
5	flashlight	flashlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 beam	nmod
6	lit	lit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 flashlight	acl
7	up	up	ADP	_	6 lit	compound:prt
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 cave	det
9	cave	cave	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 lit	obj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 beam	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lit up	participle	the flashlight not said here	the cave					tree rules
2	beam			the flashlight					nom beam «communication transitive»: of=patient

Example 7

Pack a flashlight for the camping trip.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pack	pack	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 flashlight	det
3	flashlight	flashlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Pack	obj
4	for	for	ADP	_	7 trip	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 trip	det
6	camping	camping	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 trip	compound
7	trip	trip	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Pack	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Pack	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pack	imperative	you not said here	a flashlight				for the camping trip	vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme flashlight=Destination

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/F/flashlight/