fledgling Who acts: young bird, person, fledgling, you, parents, fledglings · What happens: grow, learn, fly, be, not experience, hop about · To what, where: feathers, lawn, wings, fledgling, cat, five members
«fledgling» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: fledgling in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A young bird that has just grown its feathers and is learning to fly.
The tree, 14 words det amod nsubj aux advmod acl:relcl nmod:poss obj cc aux conj mark xcomp punct root A DET young ADJ bird NOUN that PRON has AUX just ADV grown VERB its PRON feathers NOUN and CCONJ is AUX learning VERB to PART fly VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 bird det 2 young young ADJ Degree=Pos 3 bird amod 3 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 grown nsubj 5 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 grown aux 6 just just ADV _ 7 grown advmod 7 grown grow VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 3 bird acl:relcl 8 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 feathers nmod:poss 9 feathers feather NOUN Number=Plur 7 grown obj 10 and and CCONJ _ 12 learning cc 11 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 learning aux 12 learning learn VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 grown conj 13 to to PART _ 14 fly mark 14 fly fly VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 learning xcomp 15 . . PUNCT _ 3 bird punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present · perfect a young bird bird's feathers vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location feather=Theme 2 learn present · progressive a young bird not said here vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 fly to-infinitive a young bird not said here vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A person or thing that is new and not yet experienced: «a fledgling club».
The tree, 14 words det nsubj cc conj nsubj cop cc advmod advmod conj punct punct det amod parataxis punct punct root A DET person NOUN or CCONJ thing NOUN that PRON is AUX new ADJ and CCONJ not PART yet ADV experienced VERB : PUNCT « PUNCT a DET fledgling ADJ club NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 person det 2 person person NOUN Number=Sing 7 new nsubj 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 thing cc 4 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 2 person conj 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 new nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 new cop 7 new new ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 and and CCONJ _ 11 experienced cc 9 not not PART Polarity=Neg 11 experienced advmod 10 yet yet ADV _ 11 experienced advmod 11 experienced experience VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 7 new conj 12 : : PUNCT _ 16 club punct 13 « « PUNCT _ 16 club punct 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 club det 15 fledgling fledgling ADJ Degree=Pos 16 club amod 16 club club NOUN Number=Sing 7 new parataxis 17 » » PUNCT _ 16 club punct 18 . . PUNCT _ 7 new punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a person or thing new property tree rules 2 not experience participle a person or thing not said here yet vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer
Example 1 A fledgling hopped about on the lawn.
det nsubj advmod case det obl punct root A DET fledgling NOUN hopped VERB about ADV on ADP the DET lawn NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 fledgling det 2 fledgling fledgling NOUN Number=Sing 3 hopped nsubj 3 hopped hop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 about about ADV _ 3 hopped advmod 5 on on ADP _ 7 lawn case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 lawn det 7 lawn lawn NOUN Number=Sing 3 hopped obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 hopped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hop about past a fledgling the lawn about property vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on lawn=Trajectory
Example 2 The fledgling flapped its wings and tried to fly.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj cc conj mark xcomp punct root The DET fledgling NOUN flapped VERB its PRON wings NOUN and CCONJ tried VERB to PART fly VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 fledgling det 2 fledgling fledgling NOUN Number=Sing 3 flapped nsubj 3 flapped flap VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 wings nmod:poss 5 wings wing NOUN Number=Plur 3 flapped obj 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 tried cc 7 tried try VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 flapped conj 8 to to PART _ 9 fly mark 9 fly fly VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 tried xcomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 flapped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 flap past the fledgling fledgling's wings vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wing=Patient 2 try past the fledgling not said here vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 3 fly not said to happen to-infinitive the fledgling not said here vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 If you find a fledgling, leave it; its parents are close by.
The tree, 12 words mark nsubj advcl det obj punct obj punct nmod:poss nsubj cop advcl fixed punct root If SCONJ you PRON find VERB a DET fledgling NOUN , PUNCT leave VERB it PRON ; PUNCT its PRON parents NOUN are AUX close ADJ by ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 3 find mark 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 find nsubj 3 find find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 leave advcl 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 fledgling det 5 fledgling fledgling NOUN Number=Sing 3 find obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 3 find punct 7 leave leave VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 leave obj 9 ; ; PUNCT _ 13 close punct 10 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 parents nmod:poss 11 parents parent NOUN Number=Plur 13 close nsubj 12 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 close cop 13 close close ADJ Degree=Pos 7 leave advcl 14 by by ADP _ 13 close fixed 15 . . PUNCT _ 7 leave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find a condition, not said to happen present you a fledgling vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fledgling=Topic 2 leave imperative you not said here fledgling vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme 3 is present fledgling's parents close property tree rules
Example 4 Keep the cat inside while fledglings are learning to fly.
det obj advmod mark nsubj aux advcl mark xcomp punct root Keep VERB the DET cat NOUN inside ADV while SCONJ fledglings NOUN are AUX learning VERB to PART fly VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Keep keep VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 cat det 3 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 1 Keep obj 4 inside inside ADV _ 1 Keep advmod 5 while while SCONJ _ 8 learning mark 6 fledglings fledgling NOUN Number=Plur 8 learning nsubj 7 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 learning aux 8 learning learn VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 1 Keep advcl 9 to to PART _ 10 fly mark 10 fly fly VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 learning xcomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 1 Keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep imperative you not said here the cat inside property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cat=Theme 2 learn present · progressive fledglings vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 fly to-infinitive fledglings not said here vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 The fledgling club had only five members.
det compound nsubj advmod nummod obj punct root The DET fledgling NOUN club NOUN had VERB only ADV five NUM members NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 club det 2 fledgling fledgling NOUN Number=Sing 3 club compound 3 club club NOUN Number=Sing 4 had nsubj 4 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 only only ADV _ 6 five advmod 6 five five NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 members nummod 7 members member NOUN Number=Plur 4 had obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past the fledgling club five members vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent member=Patient
Example 6 Fledglings have feathers, but nestlings are still fluffy.
nsubj obj punct cc nsubj cop advmod conj punct root Fledglings NOUN have VERB feathers NOUN , PUNCT but CCONJ nestlings NOUN are AUX still ADV fluffy ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Fledglings fledgling NOUN Number=Plur 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 feathers feather NOUN Number=Plur 2 have obj 4 , , PUNCT _ 9 fluffy punct 5 but but CCONJ _ 9 fluffy cc 6 nestlings nestling NOUN Number=Plur 9 fluffy nsubj 7 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 fluffy cop 8 still still ADV _ 9 fluffy advmod 9 fluffy fluffy ADJ Degree=Pos 2 have conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Fledglings feathers vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feather=Patient 2 is present nestlings still fluffy property tree rules
Example 7 Sing to your fledglings again, Mother, oh lift up your head!
case nmod:poss obl advmod punct obl punct discourse conj compound:prt nmod:poss obj punct root Sing VERB to ADP your PRON fledglings NOUN again ADV , PUNCT Mother NOUN , PUNCT oh INTJ lift VERB up ADP your PRON head NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sing sing VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 to to ADP _ 4 fledglings case 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 fledglings nmod:poss 4 fledglings fledgling NOUN Number=Plur 1 Sing obl 5 again again ADV _ 1 Sing advmod 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 Mother punct 7 Mother mother NOUN Number=Sing 1 Sing obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 lift punct 9 oh oh INTJ _ 10 lift discourse 10 lift lift VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Sing conj 11 up up ADP _ 10 lift compound:prt 12 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 13 head nmod:poss 13 head head NOUN Number=Sing 10 lift obj 14 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Sing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sing speech: express imperative you not said here Mother your fledglings again vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to fledgling=Recipient 2 lift up infinitive you not said here your head vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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