flightless Who acts: Flightless, birds, kiwi, Penguins, Ostriches, dodo · What happens: mean, fly, use, have, not fly, be · To what, where: Flightless, wings, flightless bird, New Zealand, great swimmers, islands
«flightless» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: flightless in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Flightless means not able to fly. It is used for birds and insects that have wings but cannot fly.
Sentence 1: Flightless means not able to fly.
nsubj advmod xcomp mark xcomp punct root Flightless ADJ means VERB not PART able ADJ to PART fly VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Flightless flightless ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 able advmod 4 able able ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means xcomp 5 to to PART _ 6 fly mark 6 fly fly VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 able xcomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Flightless able property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 fly to-infinitive Flightless not said here vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: It is used for birds and insects that have wings but cannot fly.
The tree, 14 words nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl cc conj nsubj acl:relcl obj cc aux advmod conj punct root It PRON is AUX used VERB for ADP birds NOUN and CCONJ insects NOUN that PRON have VERB wings NOUN but CCONJ can AUX not PART fly VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 used nsubj:pass 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 used aux:pass 3 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 for for ADP _ 5 birds case 5 birds bird NOUN Number=Plur 3 used obl 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 insects cc 7 insects insect NOUN Number=Plur 5 birds conj 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 have nsubj 9 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 birds acl:relcl 10 wings wing NOUN Number=Plur 9 have obj 11 but but CCONJ _ 14 fly cc 12 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 14 fly aux 13 not not PART Polarity=Neg 14 fly advmod 14 fly fly VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 used conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 3 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present · passive Flightless for birds and insects vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for bird=Eventuality 2 have present birds and insects wings vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wing=Patient 3 not fly can vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 The kiwi is a flightless bird from New Zealand.
det nsubj cop det amod case flat nmod punct root The DET kiwi NOUN is AUX a DET flightless ADJ bird NOUN from ADP New PROPN Zealand PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 kiwi det 2 kiwi kiwi NOUN Number=Sing 6 bird nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 bird cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 bird det 5 flightless flightless ADJ Degree=Pos 6 bird amod 6 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 from from ADP _ 9 Zealand case 8 New New PROPN Number=Sing 9 Zealand flat 9 Zealand Zealand PROPN Number=Sing 6 bird nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 bird punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the kiwi a flightless bird New Zealand tree rules
Example 2 Penguins are flightless, but they are great swimmers.
nsubj cop punct cc nsubj cop amod obl punct root Penguins NOUN are AUX flightless ADJ , PUNCT but CCONJ they PRON are AUX great ADJ swimmers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Penguins penguin NOUN Number=Plur 3 flightless nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 flightless cop 3 flightless flightless ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 9 swimmers punct 5 but but CCONJ _ 9 swimmers cc 6 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 swimmers nsubj 7 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 swimmers cop 8 great great ADJ Degree=Pos 9 swimmers amod 9 swimmers swimmer NOUN Number=Plur 3 flightless obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 flightless punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Penguins flightless property tree rules 2 is a present Penguins = penguin great swimmers tree rules
Example 3 Ostriches are flightless and run very fast.
nsubj cop cc conj advmod advmod punct root Ostriches NOUN are AUX flightless ADJ and CCONJ run VERB very ADV fast ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ostriches ostrich NOUN Number=Plur 3 flightless nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 flightless cop 3 flightless flightless ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 run cc 5 run run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 flightless conj 6 very very ADV _ 7 fast advmod 7 fast fast ADV Degree=Pos 5 run advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 flightless punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Ostriches flightless property tree rules 2 run present Ostriches not said here fast property vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 The dodo was a flightless bird that is now extinct.
det nsubj cop det amod nsubj cop advmod acl:relcl punct root The DET dodo NOUN was AUX a DET flightless ADJ bird NOUN that PRON is AUX now ADV extinct ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 dodo det 2 dodo dodo NOUN Number=Sing 6 bird nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 bird cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 bird det 5 flightless flightless ADJ Degree=Pos 6 bird amod 6 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 10 extinct nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 extinct cop 9 now now ADV PronType=Dem 10 extinct advmod 10 extinct extinct ADJ Degree=Pos 6 bird acl:relcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 bird punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the dodo a flightless bird tree rules 2 is present a flightless bird now extinct property tree rules
Example 5 Many flightless birds lived on islands with no predators.
amod amod nsubj case obl case det obl punct root Many ADJ flightless ADJ birds NOUN lived VERB on ADP islands NOUN with ADP no DET predators NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 birds amod 2 flightless flightless ADJ Degree=Pos 3 birds amod 3 birds bird NOUN Number=Plur 4 lived nsubj 4 lived live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 on on ADP _ 6 islands case 6 islands island NOUN Number=Plur 4 lived obl 7 with with ADP _ 9 predators case 8 no no DET PronType=Neg 9 predators det 9 predators predator NOUN Number=Plur 4 lived obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 lived punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live past Many flightless birds islands with no predators vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme with predator=Location
Example 6 Emus are flightless birds from Australia.
nsubj cop amod case nmod punct root Emus NOUN are AUX flightless ADJ birds NOUN from ADP Australia PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Emus emu NOUN Number=Plur 4 birds nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 birds cop 3 flightless flightless ADJ Degree=Pos 4 birds amod 4 birds bird NOUN Number=Plur root root 5 from from ADP _ 6 Australia case 6 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 4 birds nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 birds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Emus flightless birds Australia tree rules
Example 7 Some flightless insects, like fleas, jump instead.
det amod nsubj punct case conj punct advmod punct root Some DET flightless ADJ insects NOUN , PUNCT like ADP fleas NOUN , PUNCT jump VERB instead ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 3 insects det 2 flightless flightless ADJ Degree=Pos 3 insects amod 3 insects insect NOUN Number=Plur 8 jump nsubj 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 fleas punct 5 like like ADP _ 6 fleas case 6 fleas flea NOUN Number=Plur 3 insects conj 7 , , PUNCT _ 3 insects punct 8 jump jump VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 9 instead instead ADV _ 8 jump advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 8 jump punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 jump infinitive some flightless insects and fleas instead property vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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