foraging Who acts: animals, hobby, Bees, bears, We, you · What happens: forage, mean, search, look, eat, be · To what, where: hobby, wild food, cupboard, lane, mushroom, expert · Speech: someone speaks here
«foraging» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: foraging in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Foraging means searching for food, especially wild food, like animals looking for something to eat.
The tree, 15 words nsubj xcomp case obl punct advmod amod conj punct case obl acl case obl mark acl punct root Foraging VERB means VERB searching VERB for ADP food NOUN , PUNCT especially ADV wild ADJ food NOUN , PUNCT like ADP animals NOUN looking VERB for ADP something PRON to PART eat VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Foraging forage VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 searching search VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 for for ADP _ 5 food case 5 food food NOUN Number=Sing 3 searching obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 food punct 7 especially especially ADV _ 9 food advmod 8 wild wild ADJ Degree=Pos 9 food amod 9 food food NOUN Number=Sing 5 food conj 10 , , PUNCT _ 12 animals punct 11 like like ADP _ 12 animals case 12 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 3 searching obl 13 looking look VERB VerbForm=Ger 12 animals acl 14 for for ADP _ 15 something case 15 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 13 looking obl 16 to to PART _ 17 eat mark 17 eat eat VERB VerbForm=Inf 15 something acl 18 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 forage gerund vn rummage-35.5-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 search not said to happen gerund for food and wild food; like animals vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.theme NP.location»: agent=Agent for food=Theme 4 look gerund animals not said here for something vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for something=Theme 5 eat to-infinitive animals not said here vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Foraging is the hobby of collecting wild food like berries, nuts, mushrooms and herbs.
The tree, 14 words nsubj cop det mark acl amod obj case obl punct conj punct conj cc conj punct root Foraging VERB is AUX the DET hobby NOUN of SCONJ collecting VERB wild ADJ food NOUN like ADP berries NOUN , PUNCT nuts NOUN , PUNCT mushrooms NOUN and CCONJ herbs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Foraging forage VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 hobby nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 hobby cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 hobby det 4 hobby hobby NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of SCONJ _ 6 collecting mark 6 collecting collect VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 hobby acl 7 wild wild ADJ Degree=Pos 8 food amod 8 food food NOUN Number=Sing 6 collecting obj 9 like like ADP _ 10 berries case 10 berries berry NOUN Number=Plur 6 collecting obl 11 , , PUNCT _ 12 nuts punct 12 nuts nut NOUN Number=Plur 10 berries conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 14 mushrooms punct 14 mushrooms mushroom NOUN Number=Plur 10 berries conj 15 and and CCONJ _ 16 herbs cc 16 herbs herb NOUN Number=Plur 10 berries conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 4 hobby punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 forage gerund vn rummage-35.5-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent 2 is a present the hobby tree rules 3 collect gerund the hobby not said here wild food like berries and nuts and mushrooms and herbs vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme
Meaning 3 Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.
Foraging means searching around for something: «foraging in the cupboard for biscuits».
The tree, 12 words nsubj xcomp advmod case obl punct punct parataxis case det obl case obl punct punct root Foraging VERB means VERB searching VERB around ADV for ADP something PRON : PUNCT « PUNCT foraging VERB in ADP the DET cupboard NOUN for ADP biscuits NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Foraging forage VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 searching search VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 around around ADV _ 3 searching advmod 5 for for ADP _ 6 something case 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 searching obl 7 : : PUNCT _ 9 foraging punct 8 « « PUNCT _ 9 foraging punct 9 foraging forage VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 means parataxis 10 in in ADP _ 12 cupboard case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 cupboard det 12 cupboard cupboard NOUN Number=Sing 9 foraging obl 13 for for ADP _ 14 biscuits case 14 biscuits biscuit NOUN Number=Plur 9 foraging obl 15 » » PUNCT _ 9 foraging punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 forage gerund vn rummage-35.5-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 search around not said to happen gerund for something; around property vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.theme NP.location»: agent=Agent for something=Theme 4 forage in a quote gerund the cupboard for biscuits vn rummage-35.5-1 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent in cupboard=Location for biscuit=Theme
Example 1 Bees spend the day foraging for nectar.
nsubj det obj advcl case obl punct root Bees NOUN spend VERB the DET day NOUN foraging VERB for ADP nectar NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bees bee NOUN Number=Plur 2 spend nsubj 2 spend spend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 day det 4 day day NOUN Number=Sing 2 spend obj 5 foraging forage VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 spend advcl 6 for for ADP _ 7 nectar case 7 nectar nectar NOUN Number=Sing 5 foraging obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 spend punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spend present Bees day vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 forage gerund Bees not said here for nectar vn rummage-35.5-1 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for nectar=Theme
Example 2 The bears were foraging for berries.
det nsubj aux case obl punct root The DET bears NOUN were AUX foraging VERB for ADP berries NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bears det 2 bears bear NOUN Number=Plur 4 foraging nsubj 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 foraging aux 4 foraging forage VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 for for ADP _ 6 berries case 6 berries berry NOUN Number=Plur 4 foraging obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 foraging punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 forage past · progressive the bears for berries vn rummage-35.5-1 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for berry=Theme
Example 3 We went foraging for blackberries in the lane.
nsubj xcomp case obl case det obl punct root We PRON went VERB foraging VERB for ADP blackberries NOUN in ADP the DET lane NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 went nsubj 2 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 foraging forage VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 went xcomp 4 for for ADP _ 5 blackberries case 5 blackberries blackberry NOUN Number=Plur 3 foraging obl 6 in in ADP _ 8 lane case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 lane det 8 lane lane NOUN Number=Sing 3 foraging obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past We vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 forage gerund We not said here the lane for blackberries vn rummage-35.5-1 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for blackberry=Theme in lane=Location
Example 4 Never eat a mushroom you found foraging without asking an expert.
advmod det obj nsubj acl:relcl xcomp mark advcl det obj punct root Never ADV eat VERB a DET mushroom NOUN you PRON found VERB foraging VERB without SCONJ asking VERB an DET expert NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 eat advmod 2 eat eat VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 mushroom det 4 mushroom mushroom NOUN Number=Sing 2 eat obj 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 found nsubj 6 found find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 mushroom acl:relcl 7 foraging forage VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 found xcomp 8 without without SCONJ _ 9 asking mark 9 asking ask VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 foraging advcl 10 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 expert det 11 expert expert NOUN Number=Sing 9 asking obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 eat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not eat imperative you not said here a mushroom vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mushroom=Patient 2 find past you a mushroom not said here vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent mushroom=Attribute clause=Theme 3 forage gerund a mushroom not said here vn rummage-35.5-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent 4 ask speech: ask gerund a mushroom not said here a expert vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent expert=Recipient
Example 5 My brother was foraging in the fridge for a snack.
nmod:poss nsubj aux case det obl case det obl punct root My PRON brother NOUN was AUX foraging VERB in ADP the DET fridge NOUN for ADP a DET snack NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 brother nmod:poss 2 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 4 foraging nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 foraging aux 4 foraging forage VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 in in ADP _ 7 fridge case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 fridge det 7 fridge fridge NOUN Number=Sing 4 foraging obl 8 for for ADP _ 10 snack case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 snack det 10 snack snack NOUN Number=Sing 4 foraging obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 foraging punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 forage past · progressive My brother the fridge for a snack vn rummage-35.5-1 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent in fridge=Location for snack=Theme
Example 6 Ants leave trails while foraging.
nsubj obj mark advcl punct root Ants NOUN leave VERB trails NOUN while SCONJ foraging VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ants ant NOUN Number=Plur 2 leave nsubj 2 leave leave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 trails trail NOUN Number=Plur 2 leave obj 4 while while SCONJ _ 5 foraging mark 5 foraging forage VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 leave advcl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 leave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave present Ants trails vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trail=Theme 2 forage gerund Ants not said here vn rummage-35.5-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent
Example 7 Deer were foraging at the edge of the woods.
nsubj aux case det obl case det nmod punct root Deer NOUN were AUX foraging VERB at ADP the DET edge NOUN of ADP the DET woods NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Deer deer NOUN Number=Plur 3 foraging nsubj 2 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 foraging aux 3 foraging forage VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 at at ADP _ 6 edge case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 edge det 6 edge edge NOUN Number=Sing 3 foraging obl 7 of of ADP _ 9 woods case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 woods det 9 woods wood NOUN Number=Plur 6 edge nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 foraging punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 forage past · progressive Deer the edge of the woods vn rummage-35.5-1 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent at edge=Location
Example 8 Then the cat went out foraging for wheat, so that the cock might have something to eat.
The tree, 17 words advmod det nsubj compound:prt advcl case obl punct mark fixed det nsubj aux conj obj mark acl punct root Then ADV the DET cat NOUN went VERB out ADP foraging VERB for ADP wheat NOUN , PUNCT so SCONJ that SCONJ the DET cock NOUN might AUX have VERB something PRON to PART eat VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Then then ADV PronType=Dem 4 went advmod 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 cat det 3 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 4 went nsubj 4 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 out out ADP _ 4 went compound:prt 6 foraging forage VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 went advcl 7 for for ADP _ 8 wheat case 8 wheat wheat NOUN Number=Sing 6 foraging obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 15 have punct 10 so so SCONJ ExtPos=SCONJ 15 have mark 11 that that SCONJ _ 10 so fixed 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 cock det 13 cock cock NOUN Number=Sing 15 have nsubj 14 might might AUX VerbForm=Fin 15 have aux 15 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 foraging conj 16 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 15 have obj 17 to to PART _ 18 eat mark 18 eat eat VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 something acl 19 . . PUNCT _ 4 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go out past the cat then vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 forage gerund the cat not said here for wheat vn rummage-35.5-1 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for wheat=Theme 3 have might the cock something vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient 4 eat to-infinitive the cock not said here something not said here vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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