forbidding Who acts: Forbidding, ing form, they, castle, head teacher, sign · What happens: mean, look, be, forbid, tell, not do · To what, where: ing form, someone, something, forbidding stare, us, dogs · Speech: someone speaks here
«forbidding» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: forbidding in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Forbidding means looking unfriendly, frightening or dangerous: a forbidding castle.
nsubj xcomp advmod punct parataxis cc conj punct det compound conj punct root Forbidding NOUN means VERB looking VERB unfriendly ADV , PUNCT frightening ADJ or CCONJ dangerous ADJ : PUNCT a DET forbidding NOUN castle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Forbidding forbidding NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 looking look VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 unfriendly unfriendly ADV _ 3 looking advmod 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 frightening punct 6 frightening frightening ADJ Degree=Pos 3 looking parataxis 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 dangerous cc 8 dangerous dangerous ADJ Degree=Pos 6 frightening conj 9 : : PUNCT _ 12 castle punct 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 castle det 11 forbidding forbidding NOUN Number=Sing 12 castle compound 12 castle castle NOUN Number=Sing 2 means conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Forbidding vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 look not said to happen gerund Forbidding not said here unfriendly property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Forbidding is the -ing form of forbid: telling someone they must not do something.
The tree, 14 words nsubj cop det punct compound case acl punct advcl obj nsubj aux advmod acl:relcl obj punct root Forbidding NOUN is AUX the DET - PUNCT ing NOUN form NOUN of ADP forbid VERB : PUNCT telling VERB someone PRON they PRON must AUX not PART do VERB something PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Forbidding forbidding NOUN Number=Sing 6 form nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 form cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 form det 4 - - PUNCT _ 3 the punct 5 ing ing NOUN Number=Sing 6 form compound 6 form form NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 8 forbid case 8 forbid forbid VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 form acl 9 : : PUNCT _ 10 telling punct 10 telling tell VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 form advcl 11 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 telling obj 12 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 do nsubj 13 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 15 do aux 14 not not PART Polarity=Neg 15 do advmod 15 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 someone acl:relcl 16 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 15 do obj 17 . . PUNCT _ 6 form punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Forbidding the ing form tree rules 2 forbid infinitive the ing form not said here vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Causer 3 tell speech: assert gerund Forbidding not said here someone vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent someone=Recipient 4 not do must they something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality
Example 1 The castle looked dark and forbidding.
det nsubj xcomp cc conj punct root The DET castle NOUN looked VERB dark ADJ and CCONJ forbidding VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 castle det 2 castle castle NOUN Number=Sing 3 looked nsubj 3 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 3 looked xcomp 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 forbidding cc 6 forbidding forbid VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 dark conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 looked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look past the castle dark property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus 2 forbid gerund the castle not said here vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Causer
Example 2 The head teacher gave us a forbidding stare.
det compound nsubj iobj det compound obj punct root The DET head NOUN teacher NOUN gave VERB us PRON a DET forbidding NOUN stare NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 teacher det 2 head head NOUN Number=Sing 3 teacher compound 3 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 4 gave nsubj 4 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 gave iobj 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 stare det 7 forbidding forbidding NOUN Number=Sing 8 stare compound 8 stare stare NOUN Number=Sing 4 gave obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past the head teacher a forbidding stare us vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient stare=Theme
Example 3 There is a sign forbidding dogs on the beach.
expl det nsubj acl obj case det obl punct root There PRON is VERB a DET sign NOUN forbidding VERB dogs NOUN on ADP the DET beach NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 is expl 2 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 sign det 4 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing 2 is nsubj 5 forbidding forbid VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 sign acl 6 dogs dog NOUN Number=Plur 5 forbidding obj 7 on on ADP _ 9 beach case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 beach det 9 beach beach NOUN Number=Sing 5 forbidding obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 is punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be present a sign there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 forbid gerund a sign not said here dogs the beach vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer dog=Theme
Example 4 The forbidding cliffs rose above the sea.
det compound nsubj case det obl punct root The DET forbidding NOUN cliffs NOUN rose VERB above ADP the DET sea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 cliffs det 2 forbidding forbidding NOUN Number=Sing 3 cliffs compound 3 cliffs cliff NOUN Number=Plur 4 rose nsubj 4 rose rise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 above above ADP _ 7 sea case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 sea det 7 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 4 rose obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 rose punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rise past the forbidding cliffs the sea vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent above sea=Location
Example 5 Mum is forbidding sweets before dinner.
nsubj aux obj case obl punct root Mum NOUN is AUX forbidding VERB sweets NOUN before ADP dinner NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 3 forbidding nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 forbidding aux 3 forbidding forbid VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 sweets sweet NOUN Number=Plur 3 forbidding obj 5 before before ADP _ 6 dinner case 6 dinner dinner NOUN Number=Sing 3 forbidding obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 forbidding punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 forbid present · progressive Mum sweets before dinner vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer sweet=Theme
Example 6 The forest seemed forbidding at night.
det nsubj xcomp case obl punct root The DET forest NOUN seemed VERB forbidding VERB at ADP night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 forest det 2 forest forest NOUN Number=Sing 3 seemed nsubj 3 seemed seem VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 forbidding forbid VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 seemed xcomp 5 at at ADP _ 6 night case 6 night night NOUN Number=Sing 4 forbidding obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 seemed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 seem past the forest vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute 2 forbid gerund the forest not said here night vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Causer
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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