forerunner Who acts: forerunner, person, abacus, something, gramophone, Christians · What happens: be, come, lead, happen, call · To what, where: person, way, forerunner, sign, John, forerunners · Speech: someone speaks here
«forerunner» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: forerunner in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A forerunner is a person or thing that came before another and led the way for it: «The abacus was a forerunner of the calculator».
The tree, 25 words det nsubj cop det cc conj nsubj acl:relcl advmod conj cc conj det obj case nmod punct punct det nsubj cop det conj case det nmod punct punct root A DET forerunner NOUN is AUX a DET person NOUN or CCONJ thing NOUN that PRON came VERB before ADV another DET and CCONJ led VERB the DET way NOUN for ADP it PRON : PUNCT « PUNCT The DET abacus NOUN was AUX a DET forerunner NOUN of ADP the DET calculator NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 forerunner det 2 forerunner forerunner NOUN Number=Sing 5 person nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 person cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 person det 5 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 thing cc 7 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 5 person conj 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 came nsubj 9 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 person acl:relcl 10 before before ADV _ 9 came advmod 11 another another DET PronType=Ind 9 came conj 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 led cc 13 led lead VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 came conj 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 way det 15 way way NOUN Number=Sing 13 led obj 16 for for ADP _ 17 it case 17 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 way nmod 18 : : PUNCT _ 24 forerunner punct 19 « « PUNCT _ 24 forerunner punct 20 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 21 abacus det 21 abacus abacus NOUN Number=Sing 24 forerunner nsubj 22 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 24 forerunner cop 23 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 24 forerunner det 24 forerunner forerunner NOUN Number=Sing 5 person conj 25 of of ADP _ 27 calculator case 26 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 27 calculator det 27 calculator calculator NOUN Number=Sing 24 forerunner nmod 28 » » PUNCT _ 24 forerunner punct 29 . . PUNCT _ 5 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a forerunner a person or thing and a forerunner tree rules 2 come past a person or thing and a forerunner before property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 lead past a person or thing and a forerunner not said here the way for forerunner vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Theme 4 is a in a quote past the abacus a forerunner of the calculator tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A forerunner can be a sign that something is about to happen.
det nsubj aux cop det mark nsubj cop acl:relcl mark xcomp punct root A DET forerunner NOUN can AUX be AUX a DET sign NOUN that SCONJ something PRON is AUX about ADJ to PART happen VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 forerunner det 2 forerunner forerunner NOUN Number=Sing 6 sign nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 sign aux 4 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 6 sign cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 sign det 6 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 that that SCONJ _ 10 about mark 8 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 about nsubj 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 about cop 10 about about ADJ Degree=Pos 6 sign acl:relcl 11 to to PART _ 12 happen mark 12 happen happen VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 about xcomp 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 sign punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a can a forerunner a sign tree rules 2 is present something a sign not said here about property tree rules 3 happen to-infinitive something not said here vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 The abacus was a forerunner of the calculator.
det nsubj cop det case det nmod punct root The DET abacus NOUN was AUX a DET forerunner NOUN of ADP the DET calculator NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 abacus det 2 abacus abacus NOUN Number=Sing 5 forerunner nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 forerunner cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 forerunner det 5 forerunner forerunner NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 8 calculator case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 calculator det 8 calculator calculator NOUN Number=Sing 5 forerunner nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 forerunner punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the abacus a forerunner of the calculator tree rules
Example 2 The gramophone was a forerunner of today's music players.
det nsubj cop det case nmod:poss case compound nmod punct root The DET gramophone NOUN was AUX a DET forerunner NOUN of ADP today NOUN 's PART music NOUN players NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 gramophone det 2 gramophone gramophone NOUN Number=Sing 5 forerunner nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 forerunner cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 forerunner det 5 forerunner forerunner NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 10 players case 7 today today NOUN Number=Sing 10 players nmod:poss 8 's 's PART _ 7 today case 9 music music NOUN Number=Sing 10 players compound 10 players player NOUN Number=Plur 5 forerunner nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 forerunner punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the gramophone a forerunner of today's music players tree rules
Example 3 Christians call John the Baptist the forerunner of Jesus.
nsubj obj det xcomp det appos case nmod punct root Christians PROPN call VERB John PROPN the DET Baptist PROPN the DET forerunner NOUN of ADP Jesus PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Christians Christian PROPN Number=Plur 2 call nsubj 2 call call VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 John John PROPN Number=Sing 2 call obj 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 Baptist det 5 Baptist Baptist PROPN Number=Sing 2 call xcomp 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 forerunner det 7 forerunner forerunner NOUN Number=Sing 5 Baptist appos 8 of of ADP _ 9 Jesus case 9 Jesus Jesus PROPN Number=Sing 7 forerunner nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 call punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present Christians John vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent john=Recipient
Example 4 Dark clouds are often the forerunner of a storm.
amod nsubj cop advmod det case det nmod punct root Dark ADJ clouds NOUN are AUX often ADV the DET forerunner NOUN of ADP a DET storm NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 2 clouds amod 2 clouds cloud NOUN Number=Plur 6 forerunner nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 forerunner cop 4 often often ADV _ 6 forerunner advmod 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 forerunner det 6 forerunner forerunner NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 9 storm case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 storm det 9 storm storm NOUN Number=Sing 6 forerunner nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 forerunner punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Dark clouds the forerunner of a storm; often property tree rules
Example 5 This early plane was a forerunner of the jumbo jet.
det amod nsubj cop det case det amod nmod punct root This DET early ADJ plane NOUN was AUX a DET forerunner NOUN of ADP the DET jumbo ADJ jet NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 This this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 3 plane det 2 early early ADJ Degree=Pos 3 plane amod 3 plane plane NOUN Number=Sing 6 forerunner nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 forerunner cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 forerunner det 6 forerunner forerunner NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 10 jet case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 jet det 9 jumbo jumbo ADJ Degree=Pos 10 jet amod 10 jet jet NOUN Number=Sing 6 forerunner nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 forerunner punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past this early plane a forerunner of the jumbo jet tree rules
Example 6 The Romans' roads were forerunners of modern motorways.
det nmod:poss case nsubj cop case amod nmod punct root The DET Romans PROPN ' PART roads NOUN were AUX forerunners NOUN of ADP modern ADJ motorways NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Romans det 2 Romans Roman PROPN Number=Plur 4 roads nmod:poss 3 ' 's PART _ 2 Romans case 4 roads road NOUN Number=Plur 6 forerunners nsubj 5 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 forerunners cop 6 forerunners forerunner NOUN Number=Plur root root 7 of of ADP _ 9 motorways case 8 modern modern ADJ Degree=Pos 9 motorways amod 9 motorways motorway NOUN Number=Plur 6 forerunners nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 forerunners punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the Romans's roads forerunners of modern motorways tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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