forging Who acts: blacksmith, Forging, mum, two schools, team · What happens: forge, mean, shape, heat, hammer, make · To what, where: hot metal, metal, horseshoe, copy, people, something · Speech: someone speaks here
«forging» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: forging in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Forging means shaping hot metal by heating it in a fire and hammering it: a blacksmith forging a horseshoe.
The tree, 19 words nsubj xcomp amod obj mark advcl obj case det obl cc conj obj punct det parataxis acl det obj punct root Forging VERB means VERB shaping VERB hot ADJ metal NOUN by SCONJ heating VERB it PRON in ADP a DET fire NOUN and CCONJ hammering VERB it PRON : PUNCT a DET blacksmith NOUN forging VERB a DET horseshoe NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Forging forge VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 shaping shape VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 5 metal amod 5 metal metal NOUN Number=Sing 3 shaping obj 6 by by SCONJ _ 7 heating mark 7 heating heat VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 shaping advcl 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 heating obj 9 in in ADP _ 11 fire case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 fire det 11 fire fire NOUN Number=Sing 7 heating obl 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 hammering cc 13 hammering hammer VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 heating conj 14 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 hammering obj 15 : : PUNCT _ 17 blacksmith punct 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 blacksmith det 17 blacksmith blacksmith NOUN Number=Sing 2 means parataxis 18 forging forge VERB VerbForm=Ger 17 blacksmith acl 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 horseshoe det 20 horseshoe horseshoe NOUN Number=Sing 18 forging obj 21 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 forge gerund vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 shape not said to happen gerund hot metal vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset metal=Product 4 heat gerund metal in a fire vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent it=Patient in fire=Instrument 5 hammer gerund metal vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient 6 forge gerund a blacksmith not said here a horseshoe vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horseshoe=Product
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Forging means making a copy of something, like a signature, banknote or document, to trick people — a crime.
The tree, 18 words nsubj xcomp det obj case nmod punct case det appos punct conj cc conj punct mark parataxis obj punct det conj punct root Forging VERB means VERB making VERB a DET copy NOUN of ADP something PRON , PUNCT like ADP a DET signature NOUN , PUNCT banknote NOUN or CCONJ document NOUN , PUNCT to PART trick VERB people NOUN — PUNCT a DET crime NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Forging forge VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 making make VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 copy det 5 copy copy NOUN Number=Sing 3 making obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 something case 7 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 copy nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 signature punct 9 like like ADP _ 11 signature case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 signature det 11 signature signature NOUN Number=Sing 7 something appos 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 banknote punct 13 banknote banknote NOUN Number=Sing 11 signature conj 14 or or CCONJ _ 15 document cc 15 document document NOUN Number=Sing 11 signature conj 16 , , PUNCT _ 18 trick punct 17 to to PART _ 18 trick mark 18 trick trick VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 means parataxis 19 people people NOUN Number=Plur 18 trick obj 20 — - PUNCT _ 22 crime punct 21 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 22 crime det 22 crime crime NOUN Number=Sing 2 means conj 23 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 forge gerund vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 make not said to happen gerund a copy of something vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset copy=Product 4 trick to-infinitive people vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient 5 copy something nom copy «communication transitive»: of=patient
Meaning 3 Forging a friendship or link means building it with effort.
csubj det obj cc conj xcomp obj case obl punct root Forging VERB a DET friendship NOUN or CCONJ link NOUN means VERB building VERB it PRON with ADP effort NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Forging forge VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 means csubj 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 friendship det 3 friendship friendship NOUN Number=Sing 1 Forging obj 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 link cc 5 link link NOUN Number=Sing 3 friendship conj 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 building build VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 means xcomp 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 building obj 9 with with ADP _ 10 effort case 10 effort effort NOUN Number=Sing 7 building obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 forge gerund a friendship or link vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friendship=Product 2 mean present Forging vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 build not said to happen gerund Forging not said here link with effort vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent it=Theme with effort=Source
Meaning 4 Forging ahead means moving forward strongly.
csubj advmod xcomp advmod advmod punct root Forging VERB ahead ADV means VERB moving VERB forward ADV strongly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Forging forge VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 means csubj 2 ahead ahead ADV _ 1 Forging advmod 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 moving move VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 means xcomp 5 forward forward ADV _ 4 moving advmod 6 strongly strongly ADV _ 4 moving advmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 forge gerund ahead property vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 mean present Forging vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 move forward not said to happen gerund Forging not said here forward, strongly property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 The blacksmith is forging a horseshoe.
det nsubj aux det obj punct root The DET blacksmith NOUN is AUX forging VERB a DET horseshoe NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 blacksmith det 2 blacksmith blacksmith NOUN Number=Sing 4 forging nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 forging aux 4 forging forge VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 horseshoe det 6 horseshoe horseshoe NOUN Number=Sing 4 forging obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 forging punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 forge present · progressive the blacksmith a horseshoe vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horseshoe=Product
Example 2 Forging iron needs a very hot fire.
csubj obj det advmod amod obj punct root Forging VERB iron NOUN needs VERB a DET very ADV hot ADJ fire NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Forging forge VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 needs csubj 2 iron iron NOUN Number=Sing 1 Forging obj 3 needs need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 fire det 5 very very ADV _ 6 hot advmod 6 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 7 fire amod 7 fire fire NOUN Number=Sing 3 needs obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 needs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 forge gerund iron vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent iron=Product 2 need present Forging a hot fire vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot fire=Theme
Example 3 Forging your mum's signature on a note is cheating.
csubj nmod:poss nmod:poss case obj case det obl aux punct root Forging VERB your PRON mum NOUN 's PART signature NOUN on ADP a DET note NOUN is AUX cheating VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Forging forge VERB VerbForm=Ger 10 cheating csubj 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 mum nmod:poss 3 mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 5 signature nmod:poss 4 's 's PART _ 3 mum case 5 signature signature NOUN Number=Sing 1 Forging obj 6 on on ADP _ 8 note case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 note det 8 note note NOUN Number=Sing 1 Forging obl 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 cheating aux 10 cheating cheat VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 11 . . PUNCT _ 10 cheating punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 forge gerund your mum's signature a note vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent signature=Theme on note=Destination 2 cheat present · progressive Forging vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 sign your mum nom signature «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 4 Forging money is a serious crime.
csubj obj cop det amod punct root Forging VERB money NOUN is AUX a DET serious ADJ crime NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Forging forge VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 crime csubj 2 money money NOUN Number=Sing 1 Forging obj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 crime cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 crime det 5 serious serious ADJ Degree=Pos 6 crime amod 6 crime crime NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 crime punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 forge gerund money vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Product 2 is a present Forging a serious crime tree rules
Example 5 The two schools are forging a friendship through letters.
det nummod nsubj aux det obj case obl punct root The DET two NUM schools NOUN are AUX forging VERB a DET friendship NOUN through ADP letters NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 schools det 2 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 schools nummod 3 schools school NOUN Number=Plur 5 forging nsubj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 forging aux 5 forging forge VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 friendship det 7 friendship friendship NOUN Number=Sing 5 forging obj 8 through through ADP _ 9 letters case 9 letters letter NOUN Number=Plur 5 forging obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 forging punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 forge present · progressive the two schools a friendship letters vn transcribe-25.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent friendship=Theme through letter=Destination
Example 6 The team is forging ahead with its project.
det nsubj aux advmod case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET team NOUN is AUX forging VERB ahead ADV with ADP its PRON project NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 team det 2 team team NOUN Number=Sing 4 forging nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 forging aux 4 forging forge VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 ahead ahead ADV _ 4 forging advmod 6 with with ADP _ 8 project case 7 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 project nmod:poss 8 project project NOUN Number=Sing 4 forging obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 forging punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 forge present · progressive the team with team's project; ahead property vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 project team nom project «act transitive»: poss=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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