forgive Who acts: you, they, I, She, Grandma, He · What happens: stop, be, do, not try, punish, let · To what, where: something, you, them, someone, money, brother · Speech: someone speaks here
«forgive» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: forgive in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To stop being angry with someone who did something wrong to you, and not try to punish them.
The tree, 18 words mark advcl cop xcomp case obl nsubj acl:relcl obj amod case obl punct cc advmod mark xcomp obj punct root To PART stop VERB being AUX angry ADJ with ADP someone PRON who PRON did VERB something PRON wrong ADJ to ADP you PRON , PUNCT and CCONJ not PART try VERB to PART punish VERB them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 stop mark 2 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 try advcl 3 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 angry cop 4 angry angry ADJ Degree=Pos 2 stop xcomp 5 with with ADP _ 6 someone case 6 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 angry obl 7 who who PRON PronType=Rel 8 did nsubj 8 did do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 someone acl:relcl 9 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 did obj 10 wrong wrong ADJ Degree=Pos 9 something amod 11 to to ADP _ 12 you case 12 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 did obl 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 try punct 14 and and CCONJ _ 16 try cc 15 not not PART Polarity=Neg 16 try advmod 16 try try VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 17 to to PART _ 18 punish mark 18 punish punish VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 try xcomp 19 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 18 punish obj 20 . . PUNCT _ 16 try punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop to-infinitive you not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 2 is gerund you not said here with someone; angry property tree rules 3 do past something you vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality 4 not try imperative you not said here vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 5 punish not said to happen to-infinitive you not said here them = they vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To let someone off paying money they owe.
mark obj compound:prt acl obj nsubj acl:relcl punct root To PART let VERB someone PRON off ADP paying VERB money NOUN they PRON owe VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 let mark 2 let let VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 let obj 4 off off ADP _ 3 someone compound:prt 5 paying pay VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 someone acl 6 money money NOUN Number=Sing 5 paying obj 7 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 owe nsubj 8 owe owe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 money acl:relcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 let punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let to-infinitive someone vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme 2 pay gerund money vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Asset 3 owe present they money not said here vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent money=Theme
Meaning 3 Usage: forgive me — kept apart, not parsed.
A polite way to say sorry before saying or asking something.
det amod mark acl xcomp mark advcl cc conj obj punct root A DET polite ADJ way NOUN to PART say VERB sorry ADJ before SCONJ saying VERB or CCONJ asking VERB something PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 way det 2 polite polite ADJ Degree=Pos 3 way amod 3 way way NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 to to PART _ 5 say mark 5 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 way acl 6 sorry sorry ADJ Degree=Pos 5 say xcomp 7 before before SCONJ _ 8 saying mark 8 saying say VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 say advcl 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 asking cc 10 asking ask VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 saying conj 11 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 asking obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 way punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: apologize to-infinitive sorry property vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 say speech: assert gerund vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 3 ask speech: ask gerund something vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent something=Recipient
Example 1 I forgave my brother for breaking my toy.
nsubj nmod:poss obj mark advcl nmod:poss obj punct root I PRON forgave VERB my PRON brother NOUN for SCONJ breaking VERB my PRON toy NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 forgave nsubj 2 forgave forgive VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 brother nmod:poss 4 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 2 forgave obj 5 for for SCONJ _ 6 breaking mark 6 breaking break VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 forgave advcl 7 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 toy nmod:poss 8 toy toy NOUN Number=Sing 6 breaking obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 forgave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 forgive past I my brother vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brother=Theme 2 break gerund I not said here my toy vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer toy=Patient
Example 2 Please forgive me — I didn't mean to hurt you.
discourse obj punct nsubj aux advmod conj mark xcomp obj punct root Please INTJ forgive VERB me PRON — PUNCT I PRON did AUX n't PART mean VERB to PART hurt VERB you PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Please please INTJ _ 2 forgive discourse 2 forgive forgive VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 forgive obj 4 — - PUNCT _ 8 mean punct 5 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 mean nsubj 6 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 mean aux 7 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 8 mean advmod 8 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 forgive conj 9 to to PART _ 10 hurt mark 10 hurt hurt VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 mean xcomp 11 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 hurt obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 forgive punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 forgive imperative you not said here me vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme 2 not mean past · do-support I vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 hurt not said to happen to-infinitive I not said here you vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer you=Patient
Example 3 She found it hard to forgive her friend.
nsubj obj xcomp mark xcomp nmod:poss obj punct root She PRON found VERB it PRON hard ADJ to PART forgive VERB her PRON friend NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 found nsubj 2 found find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 found obj 4 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 2 found xcomp 5 to to PART _ 6 forgive mark 6 forgive forgive VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 hard xcomp 7 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 friend nmod:poss 8 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 6 forgive obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 found punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find past She it hard property vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic 2 forgive to-infinitive her friend vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Theme
Example 4 Forgive and forget, Grandma always says.
cc conj punct nsubj advmod parataxis punct root Forgive VERB and CCONJ forget VERB , PUNCT Grandma NOUN always ADV says VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Forgive forgive VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 and and CCONJ _ 3 forget cc 3 forget forget VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Forgive conj 4 , , PUNCT _ 7 says punct 5 Grandma grandma NOUN Number=Sing 7 says nsubj 6 always always ADV PronType=Tot 7 says advmod 7 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Forgive parataxis 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Forgive punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 forgive imperative you not said here vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 forget infinitive you not said here tree rules 3 say speech: assert present Grandma always property vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Example 5 Will you ever forgive me?
aux nsubj advmod obj punct root Will AUX you PRON ever ADV forgive VERB me PRON ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 forgive aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 forgive nsubj 3 ever ever ADV PronType=Ind 4 forgive advmod 4 forgive forgive VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 forgive obj 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 forgive punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 forgive future you me ever vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme
Example 6 Forgive me, but is this seat free?
obj punct cc cop det obl:unmarked parataxis punct root Forgive VERB me PRON , PUNCT but CCONJ is AUX this DET seat NOUN free ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Forgive forgive VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 1 Forgive obj 3 , , PUNCT _ 8 free punct 4 but but CCONJ _ 8 free cc 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 free cop 6 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 7 seat det 7 seat seat NOUN Number=Sing 8 free obl:unmarked 8 free free ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Forgive parataxis 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 1 Forgive punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 forgive imperative you not said here me vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme 2 is present this seat obl:unmarked ; free property tree rules
Example 7 He forgave the bully when he said sorry and stopped.
nsubj det obj advmod nsubj parataxis xcomp cc conj punct root He PRON forgave VERB the DET bully NOUN when ADV he PRON said VERB sorry ADJ and CCONJ stopped VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 forgave nsubj 2 forgave forgive VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 bully det 4 bully bully NOUN Number=Sing 2 forgave obj 5 when when ADV PronType=Int 7 said advmod 6 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 said nsubj 7 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 forgave parataxis 8 sorry sorry ADJ Degree=Pos 7 said xcomp 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 stopped cc 10 stopped stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 forgave conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 forgave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 forgive past He the bully vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bully=Theme 2 say speech: apologize past he sorry property vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 3 stop past He not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 8 The bank forgave the farmers' debts after the flood.
det nsubj det nmod:poss case obj case det obl punct root The DET bank NOUN forgave VERB the DET farmers NOUN ' PART debts NOUN after ADP the DET flood NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bank det 2 bank bank NOUN Number=Sing 3 forgave nsubj 3 forgave forgive VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 farmers det 5 farmers farmer NOUN Number=Plur 7 debts nmod:poss 6 ' 's PART _ 5 farmers case 7 debts debt NOUN Number=Plur 3 forgave obj 8 after after ADP _ 10 flood case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 flood det 10 flood flood NOUN Number=Sing 3 forgave obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 forgave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 forgive past the bank the farmers's debts after the flood vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent debt=Theme
Example 9 "Ah, sir, forgive me!" cried the merchant.
punct discourse punct vocative punct parataxis obj punct punct det obj punct root " PUNCT Ah INTJ , PUNCT sir NOUN , PUNCT forgive VERB me PRON ! PUNCT " PUNCT cried VERB the DET merchant NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 6 forgive punct 2 Ah ah INTJ _ 6 forgive discourse 3 , , PUNCT _ 4 sir punct 4 sir sir NOUN Number=Sing 2 Ah vocative 5 , , PUNCT _ 2 Ah punct 6 forgive forgive VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 10 cried parataxis 7 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 forgive obj 8 ! ! PUNCT _ 6 forgive punct 9 " " PUNCT _ 6 forgive punct 10 cried cry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 merchant det 12 merchant merchant NOUN Number=Sing 10 cried obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 10 cried punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 forgive in a quote infinitive the merchant = merchant vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme 2 cry speech: express past the merchant vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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