frontier Who acts: frontier, land, Soldiers, Pioneers, frontier town, Space exploration · What happens: be, settle, belong, know, guard, move · To what, where: border, edge, land, frontier, one dusty street, new frontier
«frontier» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: frontier in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A frontier is a border between two countries, or the land near it.
The tree, 13 words det nsubj cop det case nummod nmod punct cc det conj case nmod punct root A DET frontier NOUN is AUX a DET border NOUN between ADP two NUM countries NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ the DET land NOUN near ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 frontier det 2 frontier frontier NOUN Number=Sing 5 border nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 border cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 border det 5 border border NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 between between ADP _ 8 countries case 7 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 countries nummod 8 countries country NOUN Number=Plur 5 border nmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 land punct 10 or or CCONJ _ 12 land cc 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 land det 12 land land NOUN Number=Sing 5 border conj 13 near near ADP _ 14 it case 14 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 land nmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 border punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a frontier a border or the land near land between two countries tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: history, US/Canada/Australia — kept apart, not parsed.
The frontier was the edge of land settled by newcomers, beyond which the land was wild or belonged to Indigenous peoples.
The tree, 21 words det nsubj cop det case nmod acl case obl punct case obl det nsubj cop parataxis cc conj case amod obl punct root The DET frontier NOUN was AUX the DET edge NOUN of ADP land NOUN settled VERB by ADP newcomers NOUN , PUNCT beyond ADP which PRON the DET land NOUN was AUX wild ADJ or CCONJ belonged VERB to ADP Indigenous ADJ peoples NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 frontier det 2 frontier frontier NOUN Number=Sing 5 edge nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 edge cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 edge det 5 edge edge NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 land case 7 land land NOUN Number=Sing 5 edge nmod 8 settled settle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 land acl 9 by by ADP _ 10 newcomers case 10 newcomers newcomer NOUN Number=Plur 8 settled obl 11 , , PUNCT _ 17 wild punct 12 beyond beyond ADP _ 13 which case 13 which which PRON PronType=Rel 17 wild obl 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 land det 15 land land NOUN Number=Sing 17 wild nsubj 16 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 17 wild cop 17 wild wild ADJ Degree=Pos 5 edge parataxis 18 or or CCONJ _ 19 belonged cc 19 belonged belong VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 17 wild conj 20 to to ADP _ 22 peoples case 21 Indigenous indigenous ADJ Degree=Pos 22 peoples amod 22 peoples people NOUN Number=Plur 19 belonged obl 23 . . PUNCT _ 5 edge punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the frontier the edge of land tree rules 2 settle participle land not said here by newcomers vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 is past the land beyond the edge; wild property tree rules 4 belong participle the land not said here to Indigenous peoples vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme
Meaning 3 A frontier is the edge of what is known, as in «the frontiers of science», or «space, the final frontier».
The tree, 20 words det nsubj cop det case nmod aux:pass acl:relcl punct case case punct det appos case nmod punct punct cc punct parataxis punct det amod appos punct punct root A DET frontier NOUN is AUX the DET edge NOUN of ADP what PRON is AUX known VERB , PUNCT as ADP in ADP « PUNCT the DET frontiers NOUN of ADP science NOUN » PUNCT , PUNCT or CCONJ « PUNCT space NOUN , PUNCT the DET final ADJ frontier NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 frontier det 2 frontier frontier NOUN Number=Sing 5 edge nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 edge cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 edge det 5 edge edge NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 what case 7 what what PRON PronType=Rel 5 edge nmod 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 known aux:pass 9 known know VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 what acl:relcl 10 , , PUNCT _ 15 frontiers punct 11 as as ADP _ 15 frontiers case 12 in in ADP _ 15 frontiers case 13 « « PUNCT _ 15 frontiers punct 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 frontiers det 15 frontiers frontier NOUN Number=Plur 5 edge appos 16 of of ADP _ 17 science case 17 science science NOUN Number=Sing 15 frontiers nmod 18 » » PUNCT _ 15 frontiers punct 19 , , PUNCT _ 22 space punct 20 or or CCONJ _ 22 space cc 21 « « PUNCT _ 22 space punct 22 space space NOUN Number=Sing 5 edge parataxis 23 , , PUNCT _ 26 frontier punct 24 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 26 frontier det 25 final final ADJ Degree=Pos 26 frontier amod 26 frontier frontier NOUN Number=Sing 22 space appos 27 » » PUNCT _ 26 frontier punct 28 . . PUNCT _ 5 edge punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a frontier the edge tree rules 2 know present · passive vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»
Example 1 Soldiers guarded the frontier between the two countries.
nsubj det obj case det nummod obl punct root Soldiers NOUN guarded VERB the DET frontier NOUN between ADP the DET two NUM countries NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Soldiers soldier NOUN Number=Plur 2 guarded nsubj 2 guarded guard VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 frontier det 4 frontier frontier NOUN Number=Sing 2 guarded obj 5 between between ADP _ 8 countries case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 countries det 7 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 countries nummod 8 countries country NOUN Number=Plur 2 guarded obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 guarded punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 guard past Soldiers the frontier between the two countries vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent frontier=Beneficiary
Example 2 Pioneers moved west towards the frontier.
nsubj advmod case det obl punct root Pioneers NOUN moved VERB west ADV towards ADP the DET frontier NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pioneers pioneer NOUN Number=Plur 2 moved nsubj 2 moved move VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 west west ADV _ 2 moved advmod 4 towards towards ADP _ 6 frontier case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 frontier det 6 frontier frontier NOUN Number=Sing 2 moved obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 moved punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 move past Pioneers the frontier west property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme towards frontier=Trajectory
Example 3 The frontier town had one dusty street.
det compound nsubj nummod amod obj punct root The DET frontier NOUN town NOUN had VERB one NUM dusty ADJ street NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 town det 2 frontier frontier NOUN Number=Sing 3 town compound 3 town town NOUN Number=Sing 4 had nsubj 4 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 street nummod 6 dusty dusty ADJ Degree=Pos 7 street amod 7 street street NOUN Number=Sing 4 had obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past the frontier town one dusty street vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent street=Patient
Example 4 Space exploration is the new frontier.
compound nsubj cop det amod punct root Space NOUN exploration NOUN is AUX the DET new ADJ frontier NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Space space NOUN Number=Sing 2 exploration compound 2 exploration exploration NOUN Number=Sing 6 frontier nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 frontier cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 frontier det 5 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 6 frontier amod 6 frontier frontier NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 frontier punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Space exploration the new frontier tree rules
Example 5 Scientists are pushing back the frontiers of medicine.
nsubj aux advmod det obj case nmod punct root Scientists NOUN are AUX pushing VERB back ADV the DET frontiers NOUN of ADP medicine NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 3 pushing nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 pushing aux 3 pushing push VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 back back ADV _ 3 pushing advmod 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 frontiers det 6 frontiers frontier NOUN Number=Plur 3 pushing obj 7 of of ADP _ 8 medicine case 8 medicine medicine NOUN Number=Sing 6 frontiers nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 pushing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 push back present · progressive Scientists the frontiers of medicine vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent frontier=Theme
Example 6 Many Indigenous people lost their land as the frontier moved.
amod amod nsubj nmod:poss obj mark det nsubj advcl punct root Many ADJ Indigenous ADJ people NOUN lost VERB their PRON land NOUN as SCONJ the DET frontier NOUN moved VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 people amod 2 Indigenous indigenous ADJ Degree=Pos 3 people amod 3 people people NOUN Number=Plur 4 lost nsubj 4 lost lose VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 land nmod:poss 6 land land NOUN Number=Sing 4 lost obj 7 as as SCONJ _ 10 moved mark 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 frontier det 9 frontier frontier NOUN Number=Sing 10 moved nsubj 10 moved move VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 lost advcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 lost punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lose past Many Indigenous people people's land vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Eventuality 2 move past the frontier vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Example 7 We crossed the frontier by train.
nsubj det obj case obl punct root We PRON crossed VERB the DET frontier NOUN by ADP train NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 crossed nsubj 2 crossed cross VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 frontier det 4 frontier frontier NOUN Number=Sing 2 crossed obj 5 by by ADP _ 6 train case 6 train train NOUN Number=Sing 2 crossed obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 crossed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cross past We the frontier by train vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent frontier=Patient
Example 8 The Dragon was now so near that in a couple of springs he would be over the frontier.
The tree, 18 words det cop advmod advmod case mark case det obl case nmod nsubj aux cop case det nmod punct root The DET Dragon PROPN was AUX now ADV so ADV near ADP that SCONJ in ADP a DET couple NOUN of ADP springs NOUN he PRON would AUX be AUX over ADP the DET frontier NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Dragon det 2 Dragon Dragon PROPN Number=Sing root root 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 near cop 4 now now ADV PronType=Dem 6 near advmod 5 so so ADV _ 6 near advmod 6 near near ADP _ 18 frontier case 7 that that SCONJ _ 18 frontier mark 8 in in ADP _ 10 couple case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 couple det 10 couple couple NOUN Number=Sing 18 frontier obl 11 of of ADP _ 12 springs case 12 springs spring NOUN Number=Plur 10 couple nmod 13 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 18 frontier nsubj 14 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 18 frontier aux 15 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 18 frontier cop 16 over over ADP _ 18 frontier case 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 frontier det 18 frontier frontier NOUN Number=Sing 2 Dragon nmod 19 . . PUNCT _ 2 Dragon punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is would Dragon the frontier in a couple of springs tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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