gadfly

Who acts: gadfly, large fly, person, cousin · What happens: be, bite, keep, pester, stir up, sting · To what, where: large fly, cattle, person, others, cow, gadfly

«gadfly» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: gadfly in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A gadfly is a large fly that bites cattle and horses.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 gadfly	det
2	gadfly	gadfly	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 fly	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 fly	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 fly	det
5	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 fly	amod
6	fly	fly	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 bites	nsubj
8	bites	bite	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 fly	acl:relcl
9	cattle	cattle	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 bites	obj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 horses	cc
11	horses	horse	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 cattle	conj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 fly	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a gadfly	a large fly					tree rules
2	bite	present	a large fly	cattle and horses					vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cattle=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

A gadfly is a person who keeps pestering and stirring others up.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 gadfly	det
2	gadfly	gadfly	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 person	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 person	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 person	det
5	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 keeps	nsubj
7	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 person	acl:relcl
8	pestering	pester	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 keeps	xcomp
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 stirring	cc
10	stirring	stir	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 pestering	conj
11	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 stirring	obj
12	up	up	ADP	_	10 stirring	compound:prt
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 person	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	is a	present	a gadfly	a person	tree rules
2	keep	present	a person		tree rules
3	pester	gerund	a person not said here		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
4	stir up	gerund	a person not said here	others	vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition other=Patient

Example 1

The gadfly stung the cow, and it ran off.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 gadfly	det
2	gadfly	gadfly	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stung	nsubj
3	stung	sting	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 cow	det
5	cow	cow	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stung	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 ran	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 ran	cc
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 ran	nsubj
9	ran	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 stung	conj
10	off	off	ADP	_	9 ran	compound:prt
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 stung	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sting	past	the gadfly	the cow					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus cow=Experiencer
2	run off	past	gadfly						vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 2

A gadfly buzzed round the horse's head.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 gadfly	det
2	gadfly	gadfly	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	buzzed	buzz	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 gadfly	acl
4	round	round	ADP	_	8 head	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 horse	det
6	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 head	nmod:poss
7	's	's	PART	_	6 horse	case
8	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 buzzed	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 gadfly	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	buzz	participle		a gadfly not said here				round the horse's head	vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 3

My cousin is a gadfly who never stops teasing.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	My	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 cousin	nmod:poss
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 gadfly	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 gadfly	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 gadfly	det
5	gadfly	gadfly	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 stops	nsubj
7	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	8 stops	advmod
8	stops	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 gadfly	acl:relcl
9	teasing	tease	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 stops	xcomp
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 gadfly	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	is a	present	My cousin	a gadfly	tree rules
2	not stop	present	a gadfly		vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
3	tease	gerund	a gadfly not said here		vn ferret-35.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/G/gadfly/